### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew noun קֶשֶׁב (qesheb, `{{H7182}}`) is derived directly from the verb קָשַׁב (qashab, `{{H7181}}`), meaning "to listen, to pay attention, to give heed." As a noun, qesheb signifies the *act* or *state* of hearkening. Its semantic range encompasses "attentive hearing," "diligent heed," or "much regard." Unlike a mere passive reception of sound, qesheb implies an intentional, focused, and often responsive engagement with what is being heard. It speaks to a deep level of concentration and readiness to understand or obey.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
While the verbal root קָשַׁב (qashab, `{{H7181}}`) is found numerous times throughout the Hebrew Bible, the noun קֶשֶׁב (qesheb, `{{H7182}}`) is exceedingly rare, appearing in very few, if any, standard Masoretic texts as a distinct noun. Its inclusion in Strong's concordance indicates its conceptual derivation and potential, even if its direct occurrences are debated or found in alternative textual traditions. Nevertheless, its meaning, "a hearkening," is clearly understood from its verbal root.
The *concept* of qesheb—diligent and attentive hearing—is profoundly significant in biblical thought. It is often used in contexts where:
* **God's attentive ear is sought:** Prayers frequently implore God to "hearken" or "give attention" to the cries of His people, signifying His active and compassionate engagement with their petitions. For example, in [[Psalm 10:17]], the psalmist trusts that the Lord "hears the desire of the afflicted" and will "make His ear attentive." Similarly, in [[Daniel 9:19]], Daniel pleads, "O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, pay attention and act!" Here, qashab (the verbal root of qesheb) underscores God's readiness to respond.
* **Humans are called to listen intently to divine instruction:** Wisdom literature, particularly Proverbs, emphasizes the vital importance of "attentive hearing" to wisdom's voice and to the instruction of parents and teachers. This is not merely hearing words, but internalizing them and allowing them to shape one's life. The absence of such qesheb leads to folly and destruction.
Thus, although H7182 is rare as a standalone noun, its conceptual force, derived from H7181, permeates the biblical call for both divine and human attentiveness.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is the verbal root קָשַׁב (qashab, `{{H7181}}`), from which qesheb is directly formed. This verb is widely used to express the act of listening with intention.
Other related terms for hearing and listening include:
* שָׁמַע (shama, `{{H8085}}`): This is the most common Hebrew verb for "to hear." While it can denote passive hearing, it very often carries the connotation of "to hear and obey," particularly in covenant contexts (e.g., the Shema in [[Deuteronomy 6:4]]). qesheb emphasizes the *attentiveness* aspect more strongly than shama alone.
* אָזַן (azan, `{{H238}}`): Meaning "to give ear" or "to listen," often used in poetic or supplicatory contexts, particularly of God "lending an ear" to prayer ([[Psalm 17:6]]).
The concept of qesheb is closely tied to:
* **Obedience:** True attentive hearing leads to proper action and submission to divine will.
* **Wisdom and Discernment:** Listening with qesheb is foundational to acquiring wisdom and making discerning choices.
* **Receptivity:** It implies an open heart and mind, ready to receive and process information or instruction.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of qesheb lies in its emphasis on the quality of attention, both divine and human.
1. **Divine Attentiveness:** The concept assures believers of God's active and personal engagement with His creation. When the Scriptures speak of God "hearkening" to prayers or the cries of the afflicted, it conveys His readiness to listen, understand, and intervene. This highlights God's covenant faithfulness and His compassionate nature. It is a profound source of comfort and assurance for those who call upon Him.
2. **Human Responsibility:** For humanity, qesheb represents a fundamental posture of spiritual and moral responsibility. To "give diligent heed" to God's commands, His prophets, and His wisdom literature is not optional but essential for a life aligned with His will. It contrasts sharply with "dullness of hearing" or a "hardened heart," which are often depicted as spiritual failures leading to judgment. The call to qesheb is an invitation to cultivate a receptive spirit, eager to learn and obey, thereby flourishing in God's path. It is the prerequisite for gaining insight and applying truth, transforming mere information into life-giving wisdom.
### Summary
קֶשֶׁב (qesheb, `{{H7182}}`) is a rare but conceptually rich Hebrew noun derived from קָשַׁב (qashab, `{{H7181}}`), signifying "attentive hearing" or "diligent heed." While its direct occurrences as a distinct noun are limited, its meaning is crucial for understanding the biblical emphasis on active, intentional listening. The concept of qesheb highlights both God's compassionate attentiveness to humanity and the imperative for humans to listen with diligence and receptivity to divine instruction. This quality of focused hearing is foundational for wisdom, obedience, and a flourishing relationship with God.
TRV