The Aramaic word qeren, represented by H7162, is defined as a horn, either literally or as a musical instrument like a cornet. It appears 14 times across 10 unique verses, exclusively within the book of Daniel. Its usage is split between depicting a musical instrument used for royal command and a symbolic representation of kings and kingdoms.
In the biblical narrative, H7162 is used in two distinct contexts. Firstly, it appears as a cornet, one of the instruments in King Nebuchadnezzar's orchestra. The sound of the cornet and other instruments was the signal for all people to fall down and worship the golden image he had set up Daniel 3:5. Secondly, it is used symbolically as a horn representing power and authority in Daniel's prophetic visions. A dreadful and terrible beast is seen with ten horns Daniel 7:7, and a notable "little horn" arises among them, speaking great things Daniel 7:8. These horns are later interpreted as kings who will arise Daniel 7:24.
Several related Aramaic words clarify the meaning and context of H7162:
- H7032 qâl (a voice or sound): The purpose of the cornet was to be part of the sound that triggered the command to worship Daniel 3:7.
- H5457 çᵉgid (to prostrate oneself (in homage)): The required response to hearing the cornet was to worship the image Daniel 3:10.
- H4430 melek (a king): In the prophetic context, the horns are explicitly identified with earthly power, stating that the ten horns are ten kings that shall arise Daniel 7:24.
- H7129 qᵉrâb (hostile encounter): The symbolic horn is shown to be an antagonistic power that made war with the saints Daniel 7:21.
The theological weight of H7162 is significant within the book of Daniel, highlighting themes of earthly power versus divine authority.
- Instrument of Imperial Command: As a cornet, the word signifies the power of a human king to compel idolatry. The musical sound becomes a test of allegiance, forcing a choice between the king's decree and faithfulness to God Daniel 3:15.
- Symbol of Gentile Power: As a horn, it symbolizes the authority and might of worldly kingdoms. The fourth beast, described as dreadful H1763 and terrible H574, possesses these horns which represent a succession of kings Daniel 7:7.
- An Antagonistic Figure: The "little horn" represents a specific, arrogant power that actively opposes God and His people. It is characterized by having a mouth H6433 that speaks H4449 great things H7260 and making war H7129 against the saints H6922, prevailing over them Daniel 7:21.
In summary, H7162 functions as a multifaceted term in Daniel. Whether as a cornet demanding worship for an earthly king or as a symbolic horn representing the rise of worldly empires in opposition to God, it consistently points to themes of power and authority. The word is crucial for understanding the conflict between human decrees and divine sovereignty as portrayed in Daniel's prophecies.
TRV