a primitive root; to encounter, whether accidentally or in a hostile manner; befall, (by) chance, (cause to) come (upon), fall out, happen, meet.
Transliteration:qârâʼ
Pronunciation:kaw-raw'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew root qârâʼ (קָרָא, `{{H7122}}`) is a primitive verb whose core meaning revolves around the concept of "encountering" or "meeting." This fundamental sense branches into a rich semantic range, dictated largely by context. At one end, it denotes an accidental or unexpected occurrence, translating as "befall," "happen," "fall out," or "come upon" by chance. This aspect emphasizes the unforeseen nature of an event. At the other end of its spectrum, qârâʼ can describe an intentional or even hostile confrontation, signifying "to meet" in an adversarial sense, or to "cause to come upon" someone or something with a specific purpose, often with negative implications. Thus, it encompasses both serendipitous and confrontational interactions, highlighting the dynamic nature of an encounter.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The versatility of qârâʼ `{{H7122}}` is evident in its varied biblical applications:
* **Accidental/Providential Encounter:** In Ruth 2:3, the text states that Ruth's "hap was to light on a part of the field belonging unto Boaz," using qârâʼ. While seemingly a matter of chance, the narrative clearly portrays this as divinely orchestrated providence, leading to her future marriage. Similarly, in Deuteronomy 22:6, "If a bird's nest *happen* to be before thee," it refers to an accidental discovery. Ecclesiastes 9:11 employs the term when speaking of "time and chance *happeneth* to them all," reflecting a human perspective on unpredictable events. In Genesis 42:4, Jacob expresses fear "lest mischief *befall* him" concerning Benjamin, illustrating a potential negative happening.
* **Hostile/Confrontational Encounter:** The word frequently describes meetings with adversarial intent. In Numbers 35:27, it refers to the "avenger of blood *meet[ing]* him" (the manslayer) outside the city of refuge, implying a confrontation leading to retribution. 2 Samuel 18:9 describes Absalom's fateful encounter: "Absalom *met* the servants of David." Exodus 5:3 speaks of God's potential judgment: "lest he *fall upon* us with pestilence, or with the sword," indicating a divine, albeit hostile, encounter with Pharaoh. Even in Exodus 23:4, the command "If thou *meet* thine enemy's ox or his ass going astray" implies an encounter that, while not hostile in itself, involves a relationship with an adversary.
* **Neutral/Purposeful Encounter:** Sometimes, qârâʼ simply denotes a meeting without strong positive or negative connotations, but with a specific purpose. For instance, 1 Samuel 10:10 states that "a company of prophets *met* him," referring to Saul's encounter with the prophetic band.
The context is paramount in determining whether qârâʼ signifies a benign, providential, or hostile meeting, reflecting the diverse ways in which individuals and groups "come upon" or "are met by" circumstances and others.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of qârâʼ `{{H7122}}` intersects with several other Hebrew words and theological concepts:
* **`{{H6293}}` (paga')**: Often translated as "to meet," "to encounter," or "to light upon," paga' shares significant overlap with qârâʼ, particularly in the sense of an unexpected meeting or even a violent striking. However, paga' can also carry the nuance of "to intercede" or "to entreat," which qârâʼ does not typically convey.
* **`{{H4672}}` (matsa')**: Meaning "to find" or "to discover," matsa' can sometimes function similarly to qârâʼ when describing the act of happening upon something. While matsa' emphasizes the act of discovery, qârâʼ focuses on the event of the encounter itself.
* **Concepts of Providence and Chance**: qârâʼ directly engages with the theological tension between human perception of "chance" (e.g., Ruth 2:3; Ecclesiastes 9:11) and the biblical understanding of divine providence. While events may "happen," the biblical worldview often implies that even seemingly random occurrences are ultimately under God's sovereign hand.
* **Confrontation and Judgment**: The usage of qârâʼ in hostile contexts connects it to concepts of divine judgment, human conflict, and the consequences of actions.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of qârâʼ `{{H7122}}` is profound, touching upon divine sovereignty, human responsibility, and the nature of encounter:
* **Divine Sovereignty and "Chance":** While qârâʼ can describe events that "happen by chance" from a human perspective (Ecclesiastes 9:11), the broader biblical narrative often reinterprets such occurrences as divinely orchestrated. The "chance" encounter of Ruth and Boaz (Ruth 2:3) is a prime example of God's providential hand guiding seemingly random events to fulfill His purposes. This underscores that even in the unexpected, God is at work, "causing things to come upon" individuals or nations for His glory and plan.
* **Divine Judgment and Encounter:** God is depicted as one who "meets" or "causes to come upon" His people or their adversaries with judgment, pestilence, or other forms of divine intervention (Exodus 5:3). This highlights God's active involvement in history and His righteous response to sin, where a "hostile encounter" from a human viewpoint is a just and purposeful act from God's.
* **Ethical Implications of Encounter:** The command to assist an enemy's lost animal if one "meets" it (Exodus 23:4) demonstrates that even accidental encounters carry significant ethical and moral obligations within the covenant community. This emphasizes that human interactions, regardless of their nature, are subject to divine law and grace.
* **The Unpredictability of Life and God's Faithfulness:** The word acknowledges the unpredictable nature of life, where both blessings and hardships can "befall" individuals. Yet, within this unpredictability, the consistent message of Scripture is God's unwavering presence and faithfulness, ensuring that even what "happens" is ultimately within His control.
### Summary
The Hebrew root qârâʼ (קָרָא, `{{H7122}}`) is a versatile verb signifying "to encounter" or "to meet." Its semantic range extends from accidental occurrences ("to happen," "befall") to intentional or hostile confrontations ("to meet," "cause to come upon"). Context is crucial for discerning the specific nuance of the encounter, whether it is benign, providential, or adversarial. Theologically, qârâʼ profoundly illuminates the biblical understanding of divine sovereignty, demonstrating that even seemingly "chance" events are often part of God's purposeful plan. It also underscores God's active role in history through divine judgment and highlights the ethical responsibilities inherent in human encounters. This word thus encapsulates the dynamic and often divinely directed nature of interactions and events within the biblical narrative.
TRV