a primitive root (rather denominative from קָטָן); to diminish, i.e. be (causatively, make) diminutive or (figuratively) of no account; be a (make) small (thing), be not worthy.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **qâṭôn**, represented by `{{H6994}}`, is a primitive root used to describe the act of diminishing or being made small. Its base definition includes being diminutive, of no account, or unworthy. It appears only **4 times** across **4 unique verses**, yet its usage spans both literal and figurative meanings.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H6994}}` is used to express concepts of measure and worth. In a commercial context, it describes the fraudulent act of "making the ephah **small**" to cheat buyers [[Amos 8:5]]. Figuratively, it conveys a sense of personal unworthiness, as when Jacob declares, "I am **not worthy of the least** of all the mercies" from God [[Genesis 32:10]]. It is also used to contrast human perspective with divine power, where God's great promises are described by David as a "**small thing**" in God's sight ([[2 Samuel 7:19]], [[1 Chronicles 17:17]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a fuller context for the meaning of `{{H6994}}`, particularly in its commercial usage:
* `{{H1431}}` **gâdal** (to be... make... great): This word serves as a direct antonym to `{{H6994}}`. In [[Amos 8:5]], the merchants make the ephah small while making the shekel **great**, highlighting the contrasting actions in their deception.
* `{{H374}}` **ʼêyphâh** (an ephah or measure for grain): This word represents a standard unit of measure. Its connection to `{{H6994}}` is direct, as it is the object being made "small" in the condemnation of unjust practices [[Amos 8:5]].
* `{{H8255}}` **sheqel** (a weight; used as a commercial standard): As a standard weight, this term is used alongside `{{H374}}` and `{{H6994}}` to illustrate the corruption of commercial standards [[Amos 8:5]].
### Theological Significance
The theological and ethical weight of `{{H6994}}` is demonstrated in its few appearances.
* **Humility before God:** The word is central to expressing humility. Jacob's use of the term shows an awareness of his own insignificance in the face of God's immense truth and mercy [[Genesis 32:10]].
* **Condemnation of Injustice:** Its use in Amos frames commercial fraud as a moral and spiritual failure. To "make small" a measure is an act of deceit that violates divine standards for justice [[Amos 8:5]].
* **Divine Sovereignty:** The word highlights the vast difference between God's perspective and man's. A promise that establishes a dynastic house for a "great while to come" is still considered a "small thing" for God to accomplish, emphasizing His omnipotence [[2 Samuel 7:19]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H6994}}` is a multifaceted word that, while rare, carries significant meaning. It shifts from a literal description of diminishing a physical measure to a profound expression of personal unworthiness and the infinite scale of God's power. Its usage provides a powerful commentary on ethics, humility, and the nature of God's relationship with humanity.
TRV