The Hebrew word ʻâshîyr, represented by H6223, primarily means rich, whether in a literal or figurative sense. It is derived from the word עָשַׁר and appears 23 times in 23 unique verses. The term is most often used to describe a wealthy man and carries significant weight within biblical wisdom literature and prophecy.
In scripture, H6223 is frequently used to create a contrast between the wealthy and the poor. This juxtaposition highlights social dynamics, as in the proverb stating that the rich rule over the poor Proverbs 22:7, and also serves to level the human condition, noting that the LORD is the maker of both Proverbs 22:2. The term is often associated with moral warnings, such as in Micah, where the rich men of the city are described as full of violence Micah 6:12. Prophetically, it appears in a key passage about the suffering servant, who would be "with the rich in his death" Isaiah 53:9. The word is also used in practical admonitions, such as the command not to curse the rich, even in one's thoughts Ecclesiastes 10:20.
Several related words help define the concept of being rich and its counterparts:
- H7326 rûwsh: A primitive root that means to be destitute, it is often translated as poor (man) and is frequently set in direct opposition to the rich Proverbs 22:2.
- H1800 dal: Meaning weak or needy, this word is also translated as poor (man) and contrasts the state of the rich with that of the vulnerable Proverbs 22:16.
- H6239 ʻôsher: The noun form for wealth or riches, it represents the very thing the rich man possesses, which he is warned not to glory in Jeremiah 9:23.
- H1952 hôwn: A term for wealth or substance, it is described as the rich man's source of security, his "strong city" Proverbs 10:15.
- H1984 hâlal: A root word that can mean to boast or glory. It is used to admonish the rich man not to glory in his material abundance Jeremiah 9:23.
The theological and ethical weight of H6223 is significant, often serving as a basis for moral instruction.
- Divine Equality: Scripture often pairs the rich with the poor to emphasize that God is the maker of both Proverbs 22:2. Before Him, their worldly status is leveled, as seen in the equal atonement offering required from all Exodus 30:15.
- The Peril of Riches: The term is frequently used in cautionary contexts. Wealth can provide a false sense of security Proverbs 18:11, be accompanied by violence Micah 6:12, and cause a lack of peace Ecclesiastes 5:12. The prophet Jeremiah explicitly warns the rich man not to glory in his riches Jeremiah 9:23.
- Prophetic Significance: Beyond a literal descriptor, ʻâshîyr carries prophetic weight. Most notably, it is used to describe the burial of the messianic figure, who would make "his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death" Isaiah 53:9.
In summary, H6223 is far more than a simple descriptor of financial status. It is a key term in the Bible's exploration of justice, pride, and humanity's relationship with God. Through its use in parables, proverbs, and prophecy, ʻâshîyr serves as a constant reminder of the spiritual dangers of wealth and the ultimate equality of all people before their Creator.
TRV