feminine of עָצוּם; a bulwark, i.e. (figuratively) argument; strong.
Transliteration:ʻatstsumâh
Pronunciation:ats-tsoo-maw'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term עַצֻּמָה (ʻatstsumâh, `{{H6110}}`) is a feminine noun derived from the root עָצַם (ʻatsam, `{{H6105}}`), which fundamentally means "to be strong," "to be mighty," or "to be numerous." As a feminine form of עָצוּם (ʻatsum, `{{H6109}}`), its primary literal meaning is a "bulwark" or a "fortification"—something that is inherently strong, robust, and capable of defense. This conveys a sense of unyielding power and stability. Figuratively, the term extends to denote a "strong argument" or a "compelling reason." In this semantic range, it refers to an argument that is so powerful, well-founded, and unassailable that it stands firm like a fortified wall, capable of resisting any counter-argument or challenge. The essence is one of formidable strength, whether physical (as a bulwark) or intellectual/logical (as an argument).
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term עַצֻּמָה (ʻatstsumâh, `{{H6110}}`) appears only once in the Masoretic Text, in [[Isaiah 41:21]]. The verse reads, "Bring forth your strong reasons, says the King of Jacob." This singular occurrence is profoundly significant within its prophetic context. In Isaiah 41, the prophet presents a divine courtroom scene where the Lord challenges the idol gods and their worshippers. God, as the supreme judge and sovereign, demands that these false deities "bring forth their arguments" or "present their case." The use of עַצֻּמָה here is a divine challenge to produce evidence that is truly powerful, compelling, and capable of standing up against the truth of the one true God. The implication is that despite the claim of strength or validity, the "reasons" or "arguments" of idols are ultimately hollow and impotent. God is inviting a demonstration of their purported power, knowing full well that they possess none. This highlights the stark contrast between the absolute, unshakeable truth of Yahweh and the utter futility of idolatry.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related term is עָצוּם (ʻatsum, `{{H6109}}`), the masculine form of the adjective, which means "strong," "mighty," or "numerous." This word is frequently used to describe the might of God (e.g., [[Psalm 89:13]]), the strength of armies, or the vastness of a people. The verbal root עָצַם (ʻatsam, `{{H6105}}`) further reinforces the core concept of strength, power, and abundance. Other related concepts include:
* **Strength/Might:** The inherent power and ability to act or withstand, often attributed to God.
* **Defense/Fortification:** Structures or principles that provide protection and security.
* **Truth/Righteousness:** In the context of Isaiah 41:21, the "strong reasons" are contrasted with the ultimate truth and justice of God.
* **Futility/Vanity:** The emptiness and lack of substance associated with false claims or idolatrous practices, especially when compared to divine reality.
The word עַצֻּמָה, therefore, stands at the intersection of physical strength and logical persuasion, serving to underscore the ultimate source of true power and reason.
### Theological Significance
The singular appearance of עַצֻּמָה (ʻatstsumâh, `{{H6110}}`) in [[Isaiah 41:21]] carries immense theological weight. It serves as a direct challenge from the sovereign God to all rival claims of power, authority, or truth. By commanding the idols to "bring forth their strong reasons," God exposes their utter impotence and the baselessness of their worship. The term highlights the divine expectation that if there were any legitimate power or truth outside of Himself, it should be able to present a compelling, unassailable argument—a "bulwark" of evidence. However, the ensuing verses in Isaiah 41 demonstrate that the idols can do nothing; they are silent, deaf, and bring forth no "strong reasons" because they are nothing more than crafted objects. This passage powerfully affirms God's unique omnipotence, omniscience, and sole claim to truth. His own "reasons" for His actions and His prophecies are the only truly strong and unshakeable ones, standing as an eternal bulwark against all falsehood.
### Summary
The Hebrew word עַצֻּמָה (ʻatstsumâh, `{{H6110}}`) literally denotes a "bulwark" or a "fortification," signifying something immensely strong and unyielding. Figuratively, it extends to mean a "strong argument" or a "compelling reason," an assertion so robust it stands like an impenetrable wall. Its singular biblical occurrence in [[Isaiah 41:21]] is profoundly significant, where God challenges false idols to present their "strong reasons" for their claims. This divine challenge underscores the absolute sovereignty and truth of Yahweh, revealing the utter futility and emptiness of any rival power or argument. The word, therefore, serves as a powerful testament to God's unique might and the unshakeable nature of His divine truth against all pretenses of strength.
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