The Hebrew word ʻÊybâl, represented by H5858, is a proper name used for both a mountain in Palestine and for individuals. It appears 8 times in 8 unique verses. The name's base definition is "perhaps from an unused root probably meaning to be bald; bare," suggesting a physical characteristic for the mountain it names.
In the biblical narrative, H5858 is primarily known as Mount Ebal, a location of immense ceremonial importance. It was designated by God as the site where the curses for disobedience would be formally declared Deuteronomy 11:29. In fulfillment of this command, six of the tribes of Israel stood on Mount Ebal to proclaim the curse Deuteronomy 27:13. Despite its association with curses, it is also the place where Joshua built an altar to the God of Israel after entering the promised land Joshua 8:30. The name H5858 is also used in genealogies, identifying a son of Shobal (Genesis 36:23, 1 Chronicles 1:40) and appearing in another lineage 1 Chronicles 1:22.
Several related words are central to understanding the significance of Mount Ebal:
- H7045 qᵉlâlâh (vilification; (ac-) curse(-d, -ing)): This word is directly tied to the mountain's purpose. The curse was to be put upon Mount Ebal Deuteronomy 11:29, creating a powerful symbol of the consequences of disobedience.
- H1293 Bᵉrâkâh (benediction; by implication prosperity; blessing, liberal, pool, present): This serves as the direct contrast to the curse on Ebal. The blessing was placed upon the opposing Mount Gerizim, establishing a clear choice between two outcomes for Israel Deuteronomy 11:29.
- H1288 bârak (to kneel; by implication to bless God...): This verb describes the ultimate purpose of the ceremony involving Mount Ebal, which was to bless the people of Israel as they affirmed their covenant with the Lord Joshua 8:33.
The theological weight of H5858 is tied to its role in Israel's covenant with God.
- Symbol of the Covenant's Curse: Mount Ebal serves as a physical and lasting monument to the negative consequences of breaking God's law. The command was to set up stones there Deuteronomy 27:4 and for specific tribes to stand upon it to pronounce the curse Deuteronomy 27:13.
- National Accountability: The ceremony involving Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim was a public affirmation of the covenant for all of Israel, including elders, officers, judges, and strangers. Half the nation stood opposite Ebal, acknowledging the terms of their relationship with God Joshua 8:33.
- Worship Amidst Judgment: The construction of an altar on Mount Ebal by Joshua is a significant act. It demonstrates that worship and a connection to God are established even in the very place designated to represent divine judgment for sin Joshua 8:30.
In summary, H5858 is far more than a simple geographical or personal name. As Mount Ebal, it is a cornerstone in the biblical narrative of covenant, serving as the "mountain of the curse." It provides a stark, physical reminder of the choice set before Israel: the blessings for obedience versus the curses for disobedience. The presence of a sacrificial altar on this same mountain adds a profound layer, suggesting that a way to God exists even in the face of judgment.
TRV