from עָזַר in its original meaning of surrounding; an inclosure; also a border; court, settle.
Transliteration:ʻăzârâh
Pronunciation:az-aw-raw'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew noun עֲזָרָה (ʻăzârâh, `{{H5835}}`) is derived from the root עָזַר (ʻāzar, `{{H5826}}`), which, while commonly meaning "to help" or "to aid," is here understood in its more ancient or original sense of "to surround" or "to encompass." Thus, ʻăzârâh fundamentally denotes that which surrounds, an "inclosure," a "border," or a circumscribed "court." Its semantic range includes specific architectural features such as a "settle" or "ledge," which serves as a surrounding base or boundary, and broader terms like a "court," referring to an enclosed area. The core concept is one of defined space, often with implications of separation, containment, or demarcation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term ʻăzârâh occurs exclusively within the book of Ezekiel, specifically in the visionary descriptions of the new temple. Its usage is highly technical and architectural, contributing to the precise and detailed blueprint of the divine sanctuary.
Most notably, ʻăzârâh is used to describe parts of the altar in [[Ezekiel 43:14]], [[Ezekiel 43:17]], and [[Ezekiel 43:20]]. Here, it is often translated as "settle" or "ledge." For instance, [[Ezekiel 43:14]] describes the "settle" of the altar as a specific dimension, indicating a surrounding base or platform that defines the altar's structure and sacred space. This "settle" serves as a border, separating the main body of the altar from its base or the surrounding ground, reinforcing the altar's distinct and holy nature. The repeated mention of its dimensions emphasizes the divine precision and order inherent in the temple's design.
In [[Ezekiel 46:23]], ʻăzârâh refers to the "courts" of the temple complex. In this context, it signifies enclosed areas within the temple precincts, specifically the surrounding courts that define the boundaries of the sacred space. These courts are not merely open areas but are clearly defined and set apart, serving to organize and regulate access to the most holy places. The use of ʻăzârâh here underscores the structured and delineated nature of the temple, where every part has its designated place and purpose within the divine order.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary linguistic connection for ʻăzârâh is its root, עָזַר (ʻāzar, `{{H5826}}`). While the more common meaning of ʻāzar is "to help," the specific derivation of ʻăzârâh from an *original* sense of "to surround" is crucial. This highlights a fascinating semantic shift or bifurcation, where the noun form preserves an older nuance of the verb.
Other related terms that denote enclosed spaces or boundaries include:
* חָצֵר (ḥāṣēr, `{{H2691}}`): A more general term for "court," "enclosure," or "settlement." While ʻăzârâh is specific to the temple context in Ezekiel, ḥāṣēr is used broadly for temple courts, palace courts, and even village enclosures. ʻăzârâh might carry a more specific architectural or sacred connotation within Ezekiel's vision.
* גְּבוּל (gĕbûl, `{{H1366}}`): Meaning "boundary" or "territory," emphasizing a line of demarcation.
* מִסְגֶּרֶת (misgeret, `{{H4526}}`): Refers to a "border," "frame," or "enclosure," particularly in architectural contexts, as seen in the descriptions of the tabernacle.
The concept embedded in ʻăzârâh is deeply intertwined with the biblical understanding of holiness, separation, and divine order. It speaks to the necessity of defining sacred space and establishing clear boundaries for worship and interaction with the divine presence.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of ʻăzârâh stems directly from its exclusive use within Ezekiel's temple vision. This vision is not merely an architectural blueprint but a profound theological statement about God's presence, holiness, and the restoration of proper worship.
1. **Divine Order and Precision:** The detailed dimensions and specific naming of features like the "settle" (ʻăzârâh) of the altar emphasize God's meticulous order and the precise nature of His requirements for worship. Every aspect of the temple, down to its surrounding borders, is divinely ordained, underscoring that true worship is not arbitrary but must conform to divine standards.
2. **Holiness and Separation:** As an "inclosure" or "border," ʻăzârâh defines sacred space, setting it apart from the profane. The altar's "settle" demarcates its holy dimensions, and the temple "courts" delineate areas of varying sanctity and access. This reinforces the concept of God's absolute holiness, which necessitates separation and a reverent approach from humanity. The boundaries serve to protect both the holiness of God and the safety of those who approach Him.
3. **Restoration and Future Worship:** In Ezekiel's vision, the temple, including its ʻăzârâh features, represents a future, idealized state of worship and the re-establishment of God's dwelling among His people. The precise definition of space points to a restored covenant relationship characterized by purity, order, and unhindered divine presence.
4. **Symbolic Meaning:** Beyond its literal architectural function, ʻăzârâh can be seen as symbolizing the boundaries that God establishes for His people to live within — boundaries of righteousness, obedience, and covenant faithfulness. Just as the physical ʻăzârâh protects and defines the sacred, so God's laws and principles provide a framework for a holy life.
### Summary
The Hebrew word עֲזָרָה (ʻăzârâh, `{{H5835}}`) denotes an "inclosure," "border," or "court," deriving from an original sense of the root עָזַר meaning "to surround." Its usage is confined to Ezekiel's temple vision, where it precisely describes architectural features such as the "settle" or "ledge" of the altar ([[Ezekiel 43:14]], [[Ezekiel 43:17]], [[Ezekiel 43:20]]) and the temple "courts" ([[Ezekiel 46:23]]). Theologically, ʻăzârâh underscores the divine order, holiness, and separation inherent in God's presence and worship. It highlights the meticulous design of sacred space, emphasizing the necessity of precise boundaries for approaching a holy God and for the proper functioning of His restored dwelling place among His people.
TRV