### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻôwnâh**, represented by `{{H5772}}`, specifically refers to the **duty of marriage**. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the Bible, making its sole occurrence particularly significant. The term is understood to come from a root meaning "to dwell together" and denotes the sexual cohabitation that is a right and duty within marriage.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single use of `{{H5772}}` is found in the legal codes of the Torah. In [[Exodus 21:10]], the law addresses a situation where a man takes a second wife, outlining the protections afforded to the first wife. The verse states, "If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her **duty of marriage**, shall he not diminish." This context places marital relations on the same level of essential rights as sustenance and clothing, establishing it as a foundational obligation that cannot be withheld.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words in its immediate context clarify the scope of this marital obligation:
* `{{H7607}}` **shᵉʼêr** (flesh; food; kindred by blood): Appearing as "her food" in [[Exodus 21:10]], this word establishes the husband's duty to provide physical nourishment. It is listed alongside raiment and marital duty as a core responsibility.
* `{{H3682}}` **kᵉçûwth** (a cover (garment); a veiling): This word, translated as "her raiment," refers to the provision of clothing and covering. Its inclusion with food and marital duty illustrates a holistic view of a husband's obligations.
* `{{H1639}}` **gâraʻ** (to scrape off; remove, lessen, withhold): This verb governs the entire clause in [[Exodus 21:10]], forbidding a husband from diminishing these three essential rights. The same word is used to prohibit taking away from God's commandments [[Deuteronomy 4:2]], highlighting the seriousness of the command.
* `{{H3947}}` **lâqach** (to take): This verb, which begins the verse, sets up the legal scenario. It means to take in a wide variety of applications, and here it specifically refers to the act of taking a wife [[Exodus 21:10]].
### Theological Significance
The theological and legal weight of `{{H5772}}` is significant despite its rarity.
* **Covenantal Right:** Its placement within the Law codifies marital intimacy not just as a desire but as a legal right and duty. It is an integral, non-negotiable component of the marriage covenant.
* **Protection for the Vulnerable:** The law in [[Exodus 21:10]] explicitly protects the rights of a wife who might otherwise be neglected. It ensures her essential needs—physical, material, and relational—are met, reflecting a principle of justice.
* **Holistic Provision:** By listing food, clothing, and conjugal rights together, the text defines marital care in a comprehensive way. It implies that a spouse cannot be truly cared for if any of these foundational provisions are withheld.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5772}}` is a precise legal term for the "duty of marriage." Its singular appearance in [[Exodus 21:10]] is powerful, establishing sexual cohabitation as a fundamental right within marriage, equal in importance to food and clothing. This word demonstrates how the law provides a framework for justice and holistic care within the most foundational human relationships, defining marriage as a covenant of binding responsibility.
TRV