The Hebrew word ʻâvan, represented by H5770, is defined as "to watch (with jealosy); eye." This term is highly specific, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible. Its meaning is derived from a denominative of the word for "eye" and captures a sense of envious or suspicious observation.
The sole use of H5770 occurs in a pivotal moment in the relationship between Saul and David. The scripture states, "And Saul eyed David from that day and forward" 1 Samuel 18:9. This verse marks a significant turning point, where King Saul's admiration for David begins to transform into a jealous and wary surveillance, setting the stage for future conflict between them.
The context of H5770 is defined by its relation to two central figures in the narrative:
- H7586 Shâʼûwl (Saul): Defined as "asked," Saul was the king who performed the action of "eying" David. He is noted as the king over Israel whom the LORD had rejected from reigning 1 Samuel 16:1.
- H1732 Dâvid (David): Meaning "loving," David is the object of Saul's jealous watch. As the youngest son of Jesse, David would eventually become king and is a key figure throughout the Psalms and historical books Psalms 23:1.
The narrative weight of H5770 is concentrated in its single appearance, highlighting a specific emotional and relational shift.
- The Introduction of Jealousy: The act of "eying" is explicitly defined as watching with jealousy. This word choice pinpoints the moment Saul's suspicion toward David crystallizes, following David's successes.
- A Precursor to Conflict: This continuous, wary gaze, which began "from that day and forward" 1 Samuel 18:9, signals the start of Saul's persecution of David, a central conflict in the book of 1 Samuel.
- Royal Insecurity: The use of H5770 illustrates the insecurity of King Saul, who was rejected by God 1 Samuel 16:1 and saw the rising influence of David as a direct threat to his reign.
In summary, H5770 is a rare but impactful word. Its singular use provides a powerful and concise description of the beginning of Saul's jealous obsession with David. It is not a general term for seeing but a specific word for a suspicious, envious gaze that marks a critical moment of foreshadowing in the biblical narrative, defining the future relationship between Israel's first two kings.
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