### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻebed**, represented by `{{H5650}}`, is a foundational term for **servant**. It appears 800 times in 714 unique verses, demonstrating its widespread importance in scripture. Derived from the verb `{{H5647}}` **ʻâbad** (to work or serve), its meaning encompasses a range of roles, from a literal **bondman** to a title of high honor.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical narratives, `{{H5650}}` is used in several key contexts. It denotes a literal **manservant** within a household, as seen in the law against coveting a neighbor's property [[Exodus 20:17]]. The term also describes the national experience of Israel in "the house of **bondage**" in Egypt [[Exodus 20:2]]. Beyond this, it is frequently used as an honorable title for individuals in a special relationship with God, including Moses [[Joshua 1:7]], David [[Psalms 18:1]], and Job [[Job 1:8]]. God Himself identifies the nation of Israel as His chosen **servant** [[Isaiah 41:8]]. The term is also used prophetically, pointing to a messianic figure who is God's elect **servant** [[Isaiah 42:1]] and who will justify many [[Isaiah 53:11]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the scope of service and authority:
* `{{H5647}}` **ʻâbad** (to work, serve, till): This is the primitive root from which **ʻebed** is derived. It describes the action of service, such as the command to **serve** the LORD with all your heart and soul [[Joshua 22:5]].
* `{{H113}}` **ʼâdôwn** (lord, master, owner): As the direct counterpart to **ʻebed**, this word identifies the one who is served. Their relationship is clearly defined in the statement, "a **servant** honoureth his **master**" [[Malachi 1:6]].
* `{{H519}}` **ʼâmâh** (maidservant or female slave): This word serves as the female equivalent of **ʻebed**. The terms are often used together to describe the full staff of a household [[Exodus 20:17]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5650}}` is profound, often defining the relationship between God and His people.
* **A Title of Divine Appointment and Honor:** God designates key figures such as Abraham [[Genesis 26:24]], Moses [[Numbers 12:8]], David [[Isaiah 37:35]], and Job [[Job 1:8]] as His **servant**. This title can even be applied to a foreign ruler like Nebuchadrezzar to signify his role as an instrument of God's purpose [[Jeremiah 25:9]].
* **The Identity of God's People:** The nation of Israel is collectively referred to as God's **servant**, whom He formed and has chosen [[Isaiah 44:21]]. The "servants of the LORD" are promised a special heritage and righteousness from God [[Isaiah 54:17]].
* **The Prophetic and Messianic Servant:** God's prophets are called His **servants**, to whom He reveals His counsel [[Amos 3:7]]. The term culminates in the prophetic description of "my righteous **servant**" who will deal prudently [[Isaiah 52:13]], bear the iniquities of many [[Isaiah 53:11]], and be brought forth as "the BRANCH" [[Zechariah 3:8]].
* **A Posture of Humility and Obedience:** Being a **servant** of God implies a position of humility and dependence. This is expressed in prayers for an understanding heart to judge God's people [[1 Kings 3:9]] and for protection from presumptuous sins [[Psalms 19:13]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5650}}` **ʻebed** is far more than a simple social designation. It is a cornerstone concept that defines relationships on both human and divine levels. The term illustrates a spectrum of meaning, from the literal **bondman** [[Deuteronomy 7:8]] to a title of immense honor for God's chosen leaders like Moses and David ([[Joshua 22:5]], [[Ezekiel 34:23]]). It is central to Israel's covenant identity [[Isaiah 41:9]] and to the prophetic hope of a righteous **servant** who brings salvation [[Isaiah 49:6]].
TRV