(Aramaic) from the same as סְפַר; a scribe (secular or sacred); scribe.
Transliteration:çâphêr
Pronunciation:saw-fare'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Aramaic word `{{H5613}}` (çâphêr) derives from a root related to counting, numbering, and writing, akin to its Hebrew cognates `{{H5608}}` (saphar) and `{{H5609}}` (sopher). Its primary meaning is "scribe." The semantic range of `{{H5613}}` encompasses both secular and sacred functions. In a secular context, a *çâphêr* would be an administrative official, a royal secretary, or a copyist of official documents. In a sacred context, particularly as seen in the book of Ezra, the *çâphêr* is a skilled expert in the divine law, not merely a copier but also an interpreter, teacher, and preserver of sacred texts. This dual functionality highlights the importance of literacy and legal expertise in both governmental and religious spheres.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
As an Aramaic term, `{{H5613}}` appears exclusively in the Aramaic sections of the Old Testament, predominantly in the book of Ezra. Its most significant occurrences are in relation to Ezra himself:
* [[Ezra 7:6]]: Ezra is introduced as "a scribe skilled in the Law of Moses which the Lord God of Israel had given." Here, the term emphasizes his profound expertise and proficiency in the divine revelation.
* [[Ezra 7:11]]: The decree of King Artaxerxes refers to Ezra as "the priest, the scribe, a teacher of the words of the commandments of the Lord and of His statutes to Israel." This verse further elaborates on his role, highlighting his priestly lineage and his function as an instructor of God's commands.
* [[Ezra 7:12]]: Artaxerxes addresses Ezra as "Ezra the priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven." This royal recognition underscores Ezra's official and authoritative position as an expert in the divine law, even within the Persian imperial administration.
* [[Ezra 7:21]]: The king's decree is directed "to Ezra the priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven." The repetition reinforces Ezra's unique and divinely appointed role.
In these contexts, `{{H5613}}` denotes far more than a mere copyist. It signifies a person of profound learning, authority, and dedication to the study, practice, and teaching of God's Law, serving as a crucial link between divine revelation and the community.
### Related Words & Concepts
The Aramaic `{{H5613}}` (çâphêr) is directly cognate with the Hebrew `{{H5609}}` (sopher), which also means "scribe." Both terms derive from the common Semitic root *s-p-r*, meaning "to count," "to recount," or "to write." This root is also found in `{{H5608}}` (saphar), "to count, number, recount, tell." The conceptual link between counting, telling, and writing is evident, as all involve the systematic recording and transmission of information.
Related concepts include:
* **Torah/Law:** Scribes were the custodians and interpreters of God's Law.
* **Wisdom:** Often, scribes were considered wise men, possessing knowledge and understanding.
* **Administration:** The secular role of the scribe was vital for governance and record-keeping in ancient empires.
* **Teaching/Instruction:** As exemplified by Ezra, the sacred scribe was a teacher of divine truth.
* **Preservation of Tradition:** Scribes played an indispensable role in maintaining the integrity and continuity of religious and historical records.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of the *çâphêr*, particularly as embodied by Ezra, is profound. The scribe's work ensured the faithful preservation and transmission of God's written Word through generations. In a post-exilic context, when the temple was being rebuilt and the community re-established, the meticulous work of the scribe in handling the Law of God was paramount for the spiritual restoration of Israel.
Ezra's description as a "scribe skilled in the Law" (`{{H5613}}`) elevates the scribe's role from a mere vocational task to a divine calling. His commitment to "study the Law of the Lord, and to practice it, and to teach His statutes and ordinances in Israel" ([[Ezra 7:10]]) provides a model of devotion to God's Word. The scribe, in this sacred sense, becomes a minister of the divine revelation, ensuring that God's covenant instructions are not lost but remain vibrant and authoritative within the community. This underscores the sanctity and enduring authority of Scripture as the foundation for the people's life and worship.
### Summary
The Aramaic word `{{H5613}}` (çâphêr) denotes a "scribe," a figure of significant importance in both secular and sacred realms. While encompassing general administrative and copying duties, its most profound biblical usage, particularly in the book of Ezra, highlights the role of a sacred scribe – an expert, teacher, and preserver of God's Law. Ezra, described multiple times with this term, exemplifies a profound commitment to studying, obeying, and teaching the divine commandments. The *çâphêr* thus served as a vital custodian of God's written revelation, ensuring its faithful transmission and interpretation, thereby contributing indispensably to the spiritual life and continuity of the covenant community.
TRV