### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **naham**, represented by `{{H5099}}`, means **a snarl; roaring**. It appears **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible, where it is used metaphorically to describe a powerful and fearsome expression of anger.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H5099}}` is found exclusively in the book of Proverbs to create a vivid simile. It describes the dangerous nature of a monarch's displeasure, comparing it directly to the sound of a lion. In [[Proverbs 19:12]], a king's wrath is said to be "as the **roaring** of a lion." Similarly, [[Proverbs 20:2]] states that the fear inspired by a king is like the **roaring** of a lion, warning that to provoke him is a self-destructive act.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the context and impact of **naham**:
* `{{H4428}}` **melek** (a king): This is the source of the metaphorical "roaring" in both instances. The term links `{{H5099}}` directly to royal authority and power ([[Proverbs 19:12]], [[Proverbs 20:2]]).
* `{{H3715}}` **kᵉphîyr** (young lion): The "roaring" is explicitly compared to the sound made by this powerful predator, emphasizing its danger and ability to inspire fear ([[Proverbs 19:12]], [[Proverbs 20:2]]).
* `{{H2197}}` **zaʻaph** (wrath): This word defines the emotion that is expressed as a "roaring." The king's **wrath** is not silent but is conveyed with intimidating force [[Proverbs 19:12]].
* `{{H367}}` **ʼêymâh** (fear, terror): This is the intended effect of the "roaring." The sound of the lion and the anger of the king both produce **terror** in those who hear it [[Proverbs 20:2]].
### Theological Significance
The theological and practical weight of `{{H5099}}` is found in its use as a powerful warning within wisdom literature.
* **The Danger of Authority:** The use of **naham** serves as a potent metaphor for the fearsome power wielded by a **king** `{{H4428}}`. The "roaring" symbolizes that his **wrath** `{{H2197}}` can be as deadly as an encounter with a **lion** `{{H3715}}`, demanding respect and caution [[Proverbs 19:12]].
* **A Warning Against Provocation:** The term is used to teach a practical lesson about self-preservation. To provoke a king to the point of "roaring" is to sin against one's own soul, highlighting the severe personal consequences of folly [[Proverbs 20:2]].
* **The Audible Nature of Fear:** **Naham** gives a sonic quality to the concept of **fear** `{{H367}}`. The "roaring" is not an abstract threat but a tangible warning that inspires terror and advises wisdom in social and political interactions [[Proverbs 20:2]].
### Summary
In summary, **naham** `{{H5099}}` is a specific and illustrative term that, while rare, provides a memorable image of dangerous anger. Used exclusively in Proverbs, it connects the wrath of a king to the roar of a lion, serving as a stark reminder of the power of authority and the wisdom required to avoid provoking it. It encapsulates how a single sound can represent the concepts of wrath, fear, and mortal danger.
TRV