The Hebrew word mattân, represented by H4976, means a present or gift. It is derived from the root word for "to give" and appears 5 times in 5 unique verses. The term consistently refers to a tangible item given to another, whether to gain favor, fulfill an obligation, or as part of a sacred offering.
In its biblical usage, H4976 is applied in several distinct contexts. In the book of Proverbs, a gift is shown to be a powerful tool for social navigation, making room for a person and bringing them before great men Proverbs 18:16. It is also a means of securing friendship, particularly with influential figures like a prince Proverbs 19:6. A gift given in secret is described as being able to pacify anger and strong wrath Proverbs 21:14. The term is also used in a transactional sense, requested alongside a dowry for a wife Genesis 34:12, and in a sacred context, describing the gift portion of the heave offering designated for the priests Numbers 18:11.
Several related words help to clarify the meaning of H4976 within the broader theme of giving:
- H5414 nâthan (to give): As the primitive root from which mattân is derived, this word has a vast range of applications, meaning to give, put, make, or bestow. It is the fundamental action behind every gift.
- H7810 shachad (reward): This word for a gift or present often carries the connotation of a bribe or a donation for redemptive purposes. It is used in parallel with mattân to describe something that pacifies wrath Proverbs 21:14.
- H4119 môhar (dowry): This term refers specifically to the price paid for a wife. It appears directly alongside mattân in the request for Dinah's hand in marriage, highlighting a specific cultural use of gift-giving Genesis 34:12.
The practical and theological weight of H4976 is seen in its function within relationships and worship.
- Gaining Access and Favor: The word illustrates the principle that a gift can open doors and build alliances. It is presented as a way to gain an audience with "great men" and to befriend a "prince" (Proverbs 18:16, Proverbs 19:6).
- Reconciling Relationships: A mattân is shown to be a powerful tool for de-escalating conflict. A gift given "in secret" is capable of pacifying anger, and a "reward in the bosom" can turn away "strong wrath" Proverbs 21:14.
- Sacred Provision: The term is elevated to a religious context where the gift of the people becomes part of the heave offering, given to the priests and their families as a "statute for ever" Numbers 18:11.
In summary, H4976 mattân encapsulates the tangible impact of a gift. Though used sparingly, it carries significant weight, demonstrating how a present can influence social standing, resolve personal conflict, and function as a sacred act of provision. It highlights a practical reality of human interaction while also finding a place within the framework of Israel's covenantal offerings.
TRV