### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mattân**, represented by `{{H4976}}`, means a **present** or **gift**. It is derived from the root word for "to give" and appears 5 times in 5 unique verses. The term consistently refers to a tangible item given to another, whether to gain favor, fulfill an obligation, or as part of a sacred offering.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H4976}}` is applied in several distinct contexts. In the book of Proverbs, a **gift** is shown to be a powerful tool for social navigation, making room for a person and bringing them before great men [[Proverbs 18:16]]. It is also a means of securing friendship, particularly with influential figures like a prince [[Proverbs 19:6]]. A **gift** given in secret is described as being able to pacify anger and strong wrath [[Proverbs 21:14]]. The term is also used in a transactional sense, requested alongside a dowry for a wife [[Genesis 34:12]], and in a sacred context, describing the **gift** portion of the heave offering designated for the priests [[Numbers 18:11]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help to clarify the meaning of `{{H4976}}` within the broader theme of giving:
* `{{H5414}}` **nâthan** (to give): As the primitive root from which **mattân** is derived, this word has a vast range of applications, meaning to give, put, make, or bestow. It is the fundamental action behind every gift.
* `{{H7810}}` **shachad** (reward): This word for a gift or present often carries the connotation of a bribe or a donation for redemptive purposes. It is used in parallel with **mattân** to describe something that pacifies wrath [[Proverbs 21:14]].
* `{{H4119}}` **môhar** (dowry): This term refers specifically to the price paid for a wife. It appears directly alongside **mattân** in the request for Dinah's hand in marriage, highlighting a specific cultural use of gift-giving [[Genesis 34:12]].
### Theological Significance
The practical and theological weight of `{{H4976}}` is seen in its function within relationships and worship.
* **Gaining Access and Favor:** The word illustrates the principle that a gift can open doors and build alliances. It is presented as a way to gain an audience with "great men" and to befriend a "prince" ([[Proverbs 18:16]], [[Proverbs 19:6]]).
* **Reconciling Relationships:** A **mattân** is shown to be a powerful tool for de-escalating conflict. A gift given "in secret" is capable of pacifying anger, and a "reward in the bosom" can turn away "strong wrath" [[Proverbs 21:14]].
* **Sacred Provision:** The term is elevated to a religious context where the **gift** of the people becomes part of the heave offering, given to the priests and their families as a "statute for ever" [[Numbers 18:11]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4976}}` **mattân** encapsulates the tangible impact of a **gift**. Though used sparingly, it carries significant weight, demonstrating how a present can influence social standing, resolve personal conflict, and function as a sacred act of provision. It highlights a practical reality of human interaction while also finding a place within the framework of Israel's covenantal offerings.
TRV