The Hebrew word mâthay, represented by H4970, is an adverb used to ask when or how long. Derived from a root meaning to extend, it inquires about an extent of time. It appears 3 times across 3 unique verses, always as a pointed question.
In its biblical usage, H4970 appears in pivotal dialogues. Moses and Aaron use it to confront Pharaoh directly on behalf of the LORD H3068 God H430 of the Hebrews H5680, asking, "How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me?" Exodus 10:3. In a similar context, Moses uses the word to put the timing of deliverance in Pharaoh's hands, asking "when shall I intreat for thee... to destroy the frogs" Exodus 8:9. The term also carries a personal weight, as when Jacob, after seeing the LORD bless H1288 his master, asks, "when shall I provide for mine own house also?" Genesis 30:30.
Several related words provide context for the questions asked using H4970:
- H3985 mâʼên (to refuse): This word highlights the defiance that prompts the question "how long?". It is used to describe those who have refused to receive correction Jeremiah 5:3.
- H6279 ʻâthar (intreat): This term is tied to the question of "when" in the context of intercession. Moses asks Pharaoh when he should intreat the LORD Exodus 8:9, just as Isaac intreated the LORD for his wife Genesis 25:21.
- H6213 ʻâsâh (to do or make): Jacob's question is about when he will be able to provide (or 'make') for his own family Genesis 30:30. This verb is used broadly, from human action to God's creative power in making the heaven and the earth Jeremiah 32:17.
- H1004 bayith (house): This word represents the family and future at the heart of Jacob's question. The importance of one's house is a recurring theme, as in Joshua's declaration, "as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD" Joshua 24:15.
The theological significance of H4970 lies in its function as a catalyst for decision and revelation.
- Divine Confrontation: The question "How long" serves as a divine challenge to earthly power, framing the conflict between God's command and human rebellion Exodus 10:3.
- Timing and Responsibility: By asking Pharaoh "when" he should pray for relief, Moses demonstrates that the timing of God's deliverance can be linked to human response and responsibility Exodus 8:9.
- Personal Faith and Provision: The term expresses a deep personal longing for the fulfillment of God's timing. Jacob's question reflects the faithful servant's plea for his own future, trusting that God will provide for his house Genesis 30:30.
In summary, mâthay H4970 is a potent interrogative word used to question the extent or timing of an event. Though rare, its appearances mark critical junctures in Scripture, from challenging the ruler of Egypt to expressing a patriarch's concern for his own family. It underscores the tension between divine timing and human will, illustrating how a simple question of "when" can carry immense narrative and theological weight.
TRV