### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **maskîyl**, represented by `{{H4905}}`, is a technical term for an **instructive, i.e. a didactic poem**. It appears **13 times** across **13 unique verses**, exclusively within the book of Psalms. The term functions as a literary or musical designation in the title of these psalms, indicating their purpose is to provide instruction.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the Psalms, `{{H4905}}` is used to frame songs of wisdom, prayer, and historical reflection. For instance, it introduces a psalm of Asaph that calls the people to receive instruction: "Give ear, O my people, to my law" [[Psalms 78:1]]. It also appears in the context of deep personal distress, as when David offers a prayer when he was in the cave [[Psalms 142:1]]. Some **maskîyl** psalms provide wisdom by reflecting on the actions of the wicked, such as the **fool** `{{H5036}}` who says in his heart, "There is no God" [[Psalms 53:1]]. A foundational **maskîyl** establishes the blessedness of forgiveness, stating, "**Blessed** `{{H835}}` is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered" [[Psalms 32:1]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the function and themes of a **maskîyl**:
* `{{H5329}}` **nâtsach** (chief musician): This term often appears alongside `{{H4905}}` in psalm titles, highlighting its use in organized, formal worship services [[Psalms 42:1]]. It refers to the superintendent of Temple music.
* `{{H8085}}` **shâmaʻ** (to hear intelligently): This verb is central to the purpose of a **maskîyl**, as the listener is expected to hear and understand the instruction being given. It's used in the call to "hear with our ears...what work thou didst" [[Psalms 44:1]].
* `{{H6588}}` **peshaʻ** (transgression): The subject of transgression and its forgiveness is a key didactic theme. The first psalm labeled **maskîyl** begins by teaching about the happiness that comes when one's **transgression** `{{H6588}}` is forgiven [[Psalms 32:1]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4905}}` lies in its function as a tool for teaching and contemplation within worship.
* **Instruction through History:** A **maskîyl** often serves to transmit God's works through generations. The community is called to remember what their fathers **told** `{{H5608}}` them, ensuring that God's actions in the past inform the faith of the present [[Psalms 44:1]].
* **Didactic Prayer:** It frames prayers of supplication not just as personal cries, but as models for how to approach God. David's prayer to God to "**give ear**" `{{H238}}` is presented as a **maskîyl**, teaching others how to express their pleas [[Psalms 55:1]].
* **Wisdom in Contrast:** These poems teach by contrasting the righteous with the wicked. A **maskîyl** can center on the folly of the godless man [[Psalms 53:1]] or the blessedness that comes from having one's **sin** `{{H2401}}` **covered** `{{H3680}}` [[Psalms 32:1]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4905}}` designates more than a musical style; it identifies a didactic poem intended for instruction. Found exclusively in the Psalms, a **maskîyl** transforms laments, historical accounts, and wisdom sayings into lessons for the faithful. Whether teaching about the nature of forgiveness [[Psalms 32:1]], the folly of godlessness [[Psalms 53:1]], or how to cry out to the LORD [[Psalms 142:1]], these psalms underscore that worship is an act of both praise and learning.
TRV