### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mᵉsûwrâh**, represented by `{{H4884}}`, refers to a **measure**, typically for liquids. Based on a root meaning "to divide," this term appears **4 times** across **4 unique verses** in the Bible. Its usage is consistently tied to the idea of a specific, defined quantity, whether in the context of rationing, commerce, or sacred duties.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{H4884}}` is used to illustrate divine judgment through scarcity. During the prophesied siege of Jerusalem, Ezekiel is told that the people will "drink water by **measure**, and with astonishment" [[Ezekiel 4:16]]. The prophecy specifies a meager portion, "the sixth part of an hin," underscoring the severity of the conditions [[Ezekiel 4:11]]. Conversely, the term is also used to establish standards of justice and holiness. The law in Leviticus explicitly forbids unrighteousness in judgment, meteyard, weight, or **measure** [[Leviticus 19:35]]. In the context of temple worship, it was part of the Levites' responsibilities to oversee "all manner of **measure** and size" for offerings [[1 Chronicles 23:29]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the scope of standards and measurements in the Old Testament:
* `{{H4060}}` **middâh** (measure(-ing, meteyard, piece, size, (great) stature, tribute, wide): This word denotes a standard of dimension or size and appears directly alongside `{{H4884}}` to describe the Levites' responsibility for "all manner of **measure** and size" [[1 Chronicles 23:29]].
* `{{H4948}}` **mishqâl** (weight): As the counterpart to a liquid measure, this term is often paired with `{{H4884}}` to form a comprehensive standard of fair trade. For instance, the command for justice includes both **weight** and **measure** [[Leviticus 19:35]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4884}}` is expressed in its application to divine-human interaction:
* **A Symbol of Judgment:** Receiving provisions by a strict **measure** is a tangible sign of God's judgment. In Ezekiel, it represents a state of distress where the basic necessity of water is carefully rationed, a direct consequence of disobedience [[Ezekiel 4:16]].
* **A Standard for Justice:** The concept of a just **measure** is elevated from a mere commercial practice to a moral and religious duty. God's law requires integrity in all dealings, making a fair **measure** an act of righteousness [[Leviticus 19:35]].
* **A Principle of Holy Order:** In the description of the Levites' duties, the oversight of **measure** demonstrates the importance of precision, order, and adherence to divine standards within the sacred space of the temple [[1 Chronicles 23:29]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4884}}` is far more than a simple term for a unit of volume. It functions as a powerful symbol for a set standard, carrying significant implications for judgment, righteousness, and holy order. Whether defining the meager rations of a city under siege or the exact requirements for a temple offering, **mᵉsûwrâh** illustrates how physical standards are used in scripture to convey profound spiritual truths.
TRV