The Hebrew word mashsheh, represented by H4874, refers to a debt. It appears 1 time across 1 unique verse in the Bible. Derived from the root word for lending, H5383, it is used within a specific legal phrase to identify a creditor.
The sole appearance of mashsheh is in Deuteronomy 15:2, within the laws concerning the year of release. The verse outlines the required practice for every creditor to release the debt owed by a neighbour or brother. Here, the term is part of a compound phrase, H1167mashsheh H3027, which together signifies “Every creditor”. This act of financial forgiveness is not optional but a commandment, as the verse concludes that this period “is called the LORD'S release” Deuteronomy 15:2.
The theological weight of mashsheh is tied directly to the principles of the release of debts and divine authority in the Law.
- Divine Command over Commerce: The use of mashsheh within the law of release shows that financial dealings are under God's jurisdiction. The cancellation of the debt is mandated because it is “the LORD'S release” Deuteronomy 15:2.
- Protection of the Community: The law prevents the cycle of debt from permanently impoverishing members of the community, specifically a “neighbour” H7453 or a “brother” H251, reinforcing the importance of kinship and mutual support.
- Sabbath Principle Extended: The concept of the shmittah H8059, where debts mashsheh are released, extends the Sabbath idea of rest to the economic sphere, preventing relentless extraction (nagas, H5065) and reminding the people that ultimate ownership belongs to the LORD H3068.
In summary, H4874 mashsheh is a highly specific term for “debt” that appears only once to define the role of a “creditor” within the law of the Sabbatical release. Its significance lies not in its frequency, but in its context: it anchors a key command about the release of debts, mercy, and the recognition of the LORD's ultimate authority over all aspects of life, including financial obligations between brothers.
