### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mashshâʼôwn**, represented by `{{H4860}}`, is a term for **deceit**. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the Bible, indicating a highly specific and pointed use of the word to describe a particular kind of dissimulation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single appearance of `{{H4860}}` is in [[Proverbs 26:26]]. In this verse, **deceit** is presented as a method used to conceal underlying hatred. The proverb establishes a clear moral principle: while **deceit** can temporarily cover malice, the associated wickedness will ultimately be revealed publicly before the entire **congregation**. This highlights the futility of using falsehood to hide one's true, hateful intentions.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words in the surrounding text illuminate the contrast between concealment and exposure:
* `{{H8135}}` **sinʼâh** (hate): This word signifies the **hate** that serves as the motive for the deceit. It is often associated with causing strife and is something that fools attempt to hide ([[Proverbs 10:12]], [[Proverbs 10:18]]).
* `{{H3680}}` **kâçâh** (to cover): This root word for "covered" is used to describe the act of concealment. It is frequently used in the context of hiding sin or transgression, an act that is contrasted with confession and mercy ([[Proverbs 28:13]], [[Psalms 32:1]]).
* `{{H1540}}` **gâlâh** (to reveal): As the direct opposite of covering, this word means to **reveal**, uncover, or disclose. It is used to describe God revealing his secrets, his glory, or his righteousness, reinforcing the idea that exposure is an inevitable and often divine outcome ([[Amos 3:7]], [[Isaiah 40:5]]).
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4860}}` in its context is significant, providing insight into biblical ethics.
* **The Futility of Concealment:** The use of **deceit** to cover hatred `{{H8135}}` is shown to be a temporary and failing strategy. It supports the broader principle that covering sin, rather than confessing it, leads not to prosperity but to eventual, public shame [[Proverbs 28:13]].
* **The Principle of Public Accountability:** The verse states that wickedness `{{H7451}}` will be exposed before the whole **congregation** `{{H6951}}`. This emphasizes that sin is not merely a private matter but has consequences within the community, and that justice includes public revelation.
* **The Link Between Motive and Action:** The verse intrinsically links the internal state of **hate** `{{H8135}}` with the outward action of **deceit** `{{H4860}}`, defining the combination as **wickedness** `{{H7451}}`. This demonstrates that in biblical thought, evil intent is as condemnable as the sinful act itself.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4860}}` **mashshâʼôwn**, though rare, offers a crucial moral lesson in a single verse. It serves as a stark warning against the use of **deceit**, framing it as a foolish attempt to mask hatred. The word's sole context affirms a core principle of divine justice: that which is hidden in malice will ultimately be brought into the light for all to see.
TRV