### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mᵉrôwach**, represented by `{{H4790}}`, is a specific term defined as **broken**, bruised, or emasculated. It appears only **1 time** across **1 unique verse** in the Bible, highlighting its specialized use within a very particular context. Its meaning is derived from a root word signifying something bruised.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single biblical usage of `{{H4790}}` is found in Leviticus, within the laws governing priestly qualifications. The word appears in a list of physical defects that would disqualify a descendant of Aaron from approaching the altar to offer the bread of his God. The specific phrase in [[Leviticus 21:20]] describes a man who "hath his stones **broken**," using `{{H4790}}` to denote this specific condition as one that renders a person unfit for priestly duties.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several other words for physical conditions are listed alongside `{{H4790}}` in the same verse, establishing a clear contextual relationship:
* `{{H810}}` **ʼeshek** (a testicle (as a lump); stone): This is the direct object of the word "broken," clarifying exactly what is being described in the Levitical law [[Leviticus 21:20]].
* `{{H1384}}` **gibbên** (hunch-backed; crookbackt): This term appears in the same list of disqualifications, indicating a type of physical deformity [[Leviticus 21:20]].
* `{{H1851}}` **daq** (crushed, i.e. (by implication) small or thin; dwarf): This describes another disqualifying condition, specifically being a dwarf, in the same priestly law [[Leviticus 21:20]].
* `{{H1618}}` **gârâb** (scurf (from itching); scab, scurvy): A type of skin affliction also listed as a disqualifying blemish for priests [[Leviticus 21:20]].
* `{{H3217}}` **yallepheth** (scurf or tetter; scabbed): Paired with `{{H1618}}`, this is another skin disease that would prevent a man from serving at the altar [[Leviticus 21:20]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4790}}` is tied directly to the Old Testament concept of holiness and physical perfection for the priesthood.
* **Priestly Wholeness:** The word is part of a legal standard requiring priests to be without physical blemish. This external perfection was meant to symbolize the holiness of God and the sacredness of the offerings.
* **Symbolic Integrity:** Being "broken" in this manner was considered a disqualifying imperfection. This requirement for physical integrity in the priest served as a tangible representation of the spiritual integrity required to stand before a perfect God on behalf of the people.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4790}}` is a rare but precise term for "broken" or "emasculated." Its sole appearance in [[Leviticus 21:20]] places it firmly within the legal framework of priestly qualifications under the Mosaic Covenant. While it is not a broadly used word, its significance is found in its contribution to the biblical theme of physical wholeness as a symbol of the sanctity and perfection required for serving God.
TRV