The Hebrew word mᵉrôwach, represented by H4790, is a specific term defined as broken, bruised, or emasculated. It appears only 1 time across 1 unique verse in the Bible, highlighting its specialized use within a very particular context. Its meaning is derived from a root word signifying something bruised.
The single biblical usage of H4790 is found in Leviticus, within the laws governing priestly qualifications. The word appears in a list of physical defects that would disqualify a descendant of Aaron from approaching the altar to offer the bread of his God. The specific phrase in Leviticus 21:20 describes a man who "hath his stones broken," using H4790 to denote this specific condition as one that renders a person unfit for priestly duties.
Several other words for physical conditions are listed alongside H4790 in the same verse, establishing a clear contextual relationship:
- H810 ʼeshek (a testicle (as a lump); stone): This is the direct object of the word "broken," clarifying exactly what is being described in the Levitical law Leviticus 21:20.
- H1384 gibbên (hunch-backed; crookbackt): This term appears in the same list of disqualifications, indicating a type of physical deformity Leviticus 21:20.
- H1851 daq (crushed, i.e. (by implication) small or thin; dwarf): This describes another disqualifying condition, specifically being a dwarf, in the same priestly law Leviticus 21:20.
- H1618 gârâb (scurf (from itching); scab, scurvy): A type of skin affliction also listed as a disqualifying blemish for priests Leviticus 21:20.
- H3217 yallepheth (scurf or tetter; scabbed): Paired with H1618, this is another skin disease that would prevent a man from serving at the altar Leviticus 21:20.
The theological weight of H4790 is tied directly to the Old Testament concept of holiness and physical perfection for the priesthood.
- Priestly Wholeness: The word is part of a legal standard requiring priests to be without physical blemish. This external perfection was meant to symbolize the holiness of God and the sacredness of the offerings.
- Symbolic Integrity: Being "broken" in this manner was considered a disqualifying imperfection. This requirement for physical integrity in the priest served as a tangible representation of the spiritual integrity required to stand before a perfect God on behalf of the people.
In summary, H4790 is a rare but precise term for "broken" or "emasculated." Its sole appearance in Leviticus 21:20 places it firmly within the legal framework of priestly qualifications under the Mosaic Covenant. While it is not a broadly used word, its significance is found in its contribution to the biblical theme of physical wholeness as a symbol of the sanctity and perfection required for serving God.
TRV