### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **maqqâchâh**, represented by `{{H4728}}`, refers to **something received, i.e. merchandise (purchased); ware**. It is derived from the root `{{H3947}}` **lâqach**, which means to take or receive. This specific term appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse**, highlighting a particular application of commerce within the context of covenantal law.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its single biblical appearance, `{{H4728}}` is found in the context of the covenant made by the Israelites after their return from exile. The people pledged that if the people of the land brought **ware** or any victuals on the Sabbath day to sell, they would not buy it from them [[Nehemiah 10:31]]. Here, **ware** specifically denotes the merchandise and goods that were part of everyday commerce, which the people were now vowing to avoid on consecrated days as a sign of their renewed faithfulness.
### Related Words & Concepts
The meaning of `{{H4728}}` is clarified by several related words found within the same passage:
* `{{H3947}}` **lâqach** (to take): As the root of **maqqâchâh**, this verb describes the act of receiving or buying. The Israelites promised not to **buy** the ware brought for sale [[Nehemiah 10:31]].
* `{{H4376}}` **mâkar** (to sell): This is the direct counterpart to buying, representing the commercial transaction the Israelites vowed to avoid when the "people of the land" came **to sell** their goods on the Sabbath [[Nehemiah 10:31]].
* `{{H7676}}` **shabbâth** (Sabbath): This term for a day of intermission is central to the verse. The refusal to purchase **ware** was a specific act of keeping the **Sabbath** holy [[Nehemiah 10:31]].
* `{{H7668}}` **sheber** (victuals): Used alongside **ware**, this word refers to grain or other foodstuffs, broadening the scope of the commercial ban to include all types of purchased goods [[Nehemiah 10:31]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H4728}}` is tied directly to its singular use in a context of covenant renewal.
* **Covenant Obedience:** The pledge not to buy **ware** on the Sabbath was a practical and visible demonstration of the Israelites' commitment to obey God's commands and live as a distinct people [[Nehemiah 10:31]].
* **Sanctification of Time:** The term highlights the principle that holiness extends beyond sacred spaces to encompass sacred time. By forgoing the purchase of merchandise, the people acknowledged the **Sabbath** `{{H7676}}` and **holy** `{{H6944}}` days as belonging to the Lord.
* **Community Separation:** The word is used to draw a line between the covenant community and the "people{H5971} of the land{H776}". Refusing to engage in commerce for **ware** `{{H4728}}` on certain days was an act that distinguished them from their neighbors.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4728}}` **maqqâchâh** provides a focused look at the concept of **merchandise** within the framework of Israel's covenant with God. Although appearing only once, its use in [[Nehemiah 10:31]] is pivotal, illustrating how everyday economic activities were integrated into the people's religious devotion. The word encapsulates the commitment to honor sacred time over commercial opportunity, making it a clear example of faith expressed through practical, daily choices.
TRV