### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mâtsûwq**, represented by `{{H4690}}`, denotes something narrow, such as a **pillar** or **hilltop**. It appears only **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible, giving each instance a specific weight. Its definition encompasses both physical structures, like a column, and geographical features, and it is also rendered as **situate**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{H4690}}` is used in two distinct contexts. The first is theological, describing the foundational supports of creation as the "**pillars** of the earth" which belong to the LORD `{{H3068}}` and upon which He has set the world `{{H8398}}` [[1 Samuel 2:8]]. The second usage is geographical, where the word is translated as **situate** to describe the position of a cliff's forefront `{{H8127}}`, which was located northward over against Michmash `{{H4363}}` [[1 Samuel 14:5]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{H4690}}` in its contexts:
* `{{H776}}` **'erets** (earth): In [[1 Samuel 2:8]], the **pillars** `{{H4690}}` are identified as the "pillars of the **earth**," establishing them as the foundation of the physical world.
* `{{H8398}}` **têbêl** (world): This word is used in parallel, as God sets the **world** upon the pillars `{{H4690}}`. It refers to the globe or its habitable parts, emphasizing the scale of what is being supported [[1 Samuel 2:8]].
* `{{H8127}}` **shên** (forefront): Used in [[1 Samuel 14:5]], this word is translated as **forefront** but figuratively means a **cliff** or **crag**. Its use alongside `{{H4690}}` firmly places the meaning in this context as a physical, elevated landmark.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4690}}` is concentrated in its use in Hannah's prayer.
* **Divine Ownership and Sustaining Power:** The declaration that "the **pillars** `{{H4690}}` of the earth are the LORD'S" affirms God's absolute sovereignty over creation. He not only created the world but actively sustains its very foundations [[1 Samuel 2:8]].
* **Foundation of Justice:** This statement about God's foundational power is the basis for His ability to invert the social order—to raise the poor `{{H1800}}` from the dust `{{H6083}}` and the beggar `{{H34}}` from the dunghill `{{H830}}` to set them on a throne `{{H3678}}` of glory `{{H3519}}` [[1 Samuel 2:8]]. His control over the physical world undergirds his moral authority.
* **Metaphor for Stability:** The concept of a pillar or column implies strength, stability, and support. By using `{{H4690}}`, the text portrays the world as a structure firmly established and set `{{H7896}}` by God, resting on principles He alone put in place [[1 Samuel 2:8]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4690}}` carries a dual significance despite its rare usage. It can refer to a literal, narrow geographic feature like a **hilltop** or **cliff**, as seen in the military narrative of 1 Samuel. More profoundly, it serves as a powerful metaphor for the foundational **pillars** of the world, established and owned by the LORD. This illustrates that the God who controls the very structure of the **earth** `{{H776}}` is the same God who raises the humble and establishes justice among mankind.
TRV