### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mitsvâh**, represented by `{{H4687}}`, refers to a **command** or **precept**, whether it originates from a human or divine source. Derived from the root word `{{H6680}}` meaning to command, it appears **181 times** in **177 unique verses**. This term is foundational to understanding the biblical concept of law, ordinance, and divine instruction.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H4687}}` is central to the covenant relationship between God and Israel. Obedience to God's **commandments** is directly linked to receiving blessings, while disobedience leads to curses ([[Deuteronomy 11:27]], [[Deuteronomy 28:15]]). The term is not limited to divine instruction; it can also describe a human directive, such as the **commandment** given by Jonadab to his sons [[Jeremiah 35:14]]. Crucially, keeping the **commandments** is presented as an internal matter of the heart, not merely external action. The scriptures speak of seeking God with a whole heart so as not to wander from His **commandments** [[Psalms 119:10]] and contrast this with honoring God with the lips while the heart is far removed [[Isaiah 29:13]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the scope of divine instruction:
* `{{H6680}}` **tsâvâh** (to command): As the primitive root of `{{H4687}}`, this verb represents the act of giving a command. It is often used in the same verse, emphasizing the authoritative source of the instruction [[Deuteronomy 4:2]].
* `{{H8451}}` **tôwrâh** (law): This term for law or statute is frequently used alongside `{{H4687}}` to encompass the entirety of God's teachings. In Proverbs, the **commandment** is a lamp and the **law** is light [[Proverbs 6:23]].
* `{{H2708}}` **chuqqâh** (statute): This word, along with its masculine form `{{H2706}}`, denotes an enacted ordinance or statute. It often appears in lists with **commandments** and judgments to describe the body of God's instructions [[1 Kings 2:3]].
* `{{H4941}}` **mishpâṭ** (judgment): This term refers to a verdict or formal decree. It is consistently paired with **commandments** and statutes, highlighting the legal and moral framework given by God [[Deuteronomy 11:1]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4687}}` is immense, framing the believer's relationship with God.
* **Covenant Faithfulness:** Keeping the **commandments** is the primary way to demonstrate love for God and participate in His covenant mercy, which He keeps for a thousand generations ([[Deuteronomy 7:9]], [[Daniel 9:4]]).
* **Source of Life and Light:** The **commandment** is described as a "lamp" and a "light," and its reproofs are the "way of life" [[Proverbs 6:23]]. Obeying it is essential for prolonging one's days and ensuring things go well ([[Deuteronomy 6:2]], [[Deuteronomy 4:40]]).
* **A Test of the Heart:** God uses adherence to his **commandments** as a way to prove what is in a person's heart, as demonstrated during Israel's time in the wilderness [[Deuteronomy 8:2]].
* **Foundation of Wisdom:** The **commandments** are a source of divine wisdom, making one wiser than their enemies [[Psalms 119:98]]. They are described as pure, enlightening the eyes and rejoicing the heart [[Psalms 19:8]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4687}}` **mitsvâh** is far more than a simple rule. It represents a divine or authoritative directive that serves as a cornerstone of biblical faith and practice. It defines the path to blessing, tests the loyalty of the heart, and functions as a lamp that provides wisdom and life to those who walk in its ways. From the collective Law of Moses to a father's instruction, the concept of the **commandment** is central to order, relationship, and righteousness.
TRV