### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **machçôwm**, represented by `{{H4269}}`, translates to a **muzzle** or **bridle**. It is derived from the root word חָסַם. This term is exceptionally rare, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** within the entire biblical text.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single appearance of `{{H4269}}` is in [[Psalms 39:1]], a psalm authored by David `{{H1732}}`. In this verse, David expresses a resolution to control his speech to avoid sin. He states, "I will keep my mouth with a **bridle** `{{H4269}}`, while the wicked is before me." The word is used metaphorically to represent a tool of deliberate self-restraint, specifically to guard one's words and prevent the tongue `{{H3956}}` from leading to sin `{{H2398}}` in a trying situation.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its sole context in [[Psalms 39:1]] help illuminate the meaning of `{{H4269}}`:
* `{{H8104}}` **shâmar** (to keep, guard, take heed): This word appears twice in the verse, framing the action. David resolves to **take heed** to his ways and to **keep** his mouth with the bridle, emphasizing a conscious act of protection and watchfulness.
* `{{H2398}}` **châṭâʼ** (to sin): This is the specific outcome David seeks to prevent by using the metaphorical bridle. The purpose of restraining his tongue is so that he will not **sin**.
* `{{H3956}}` **lâshôwn** (tongue, speech): This is the object of the restraint. The bridle is placed on the mouth to control the **tongue**, highlighting the biblical understanding of speech as a powerful force that must be managed.
* `{{H7563}}` **râshâʻ** (wicked): This term provides the immediate context for David's resolution. The need for a bridle is prompted by the presence of a **wicked** person, suggesting that self-control in speech is particularly crucial when facing opposition or evil.
### Theological Significance
Though used only once, the theological weight of `{{H4269}}` is significant in its metaphorical application. It conveys several key principles:
* **Intentional Self-Control:** The use of a "bridle" is not passive; it is an active, deliberate decision to guard one's speech. David's declaration, "I will keep my mouth with a bridle," establishes a model for spiritual discipline [[Psalms 39:1]].
* **The Prevention of Sin:** The bridle's primary function in this context is to prevent sin that originates from the tongue. It serves as a concrete image for the internal struggle to live righteously and take heed to one's ways `{{H1870}}`.
* **Wisdom in Adversity:** The specific mention of using this restraint "while the wicked is before me" points to the virtue of guarding one's words when provoked or in the presence of those who are morally wrong [[Psalms 39:1]]. It is an act of godly wisdom.
### Summary
In summary, **machçôwm** `{{H4269}}` provides a powerful and concise metaphor for spiritual discipline. While its usage is limited to a single verse, it vividly portrays the biblical concept of restraining one's speech as a necessary act of piety. It illustrates the importance of intentional self-control over the tongue to avoid sin, particularly when confronted with wickedness, making it a memorable symbol of personal holiness and wisdom.
TRV