The Hebrew word mêach, represented by H4220, is derived from a root meaning "to grease." It denotes something fat or rich, and figuratively, a rich person or a fatted animal for offering. It is a rare term, appearing only 2 times in 2 unique verses in the Bible.
The two uses of H4220 highlight its dual meaning of value and vulnerability. In Psalms, it describes a "burnt sacrifices of fatlings," signifying a valuable and rich offering presented to God alongside rams, bullocks, and goats Psalms 66:15. In Isaiah, the term shifts to a figurative sense, where the "waste places of the fat ones" are consumed by strangers, depicting the judgment and downfall of the wealthy and prosperous Isaiah 5:17.
Several related words help clarify the contexts in which mêach is used:
- H5930 ʻôlâh (burnt offering): This is the specific type of sacrifice where fatlings are offered. It refers to a holocaust, an offering that entirely "goes up in smoke" to God, signifying a complete and valuable act of worship Psalms 66:15.
- H352 ʼayil (ram): A ram is a strong, valuable animal frequently used in sacrifices. It is mentioned in the same list as fatlings, emphasizing the high quality of the offerings being made to God Psalms 66:15.
- H2723 chorbâh (desolation, waste place): This word provides a stark contrast to the idea of richness. It is the "waste places of the fat ones" that are inherited by others, directly linking the concept of wealth with the potential for judgment and ruin Isaiah 5:17.
The theological weight of H4220 is expressed in its two distinct applications:
- Costly Worship: In a sacrificial context, fatlings represent the principle of giving what is most valuable to God. The fat was considered the best part of an animal, and offering it symbolized a sincere and costly act of devotion Psalms 66:15.
- The Peril of Abundance: Figuratively, "the fat ones" represent those who are prosperous and powerful. Isaiah's prophecy uses this term to warn that such wealth is not a guarantee of security, as divine judgment can turn abundance into desolation Isaiah 5:17.
- Reversal of Fortunes: The imagery of strangers eating from the "waste places of the fat ones" illustrates a powerful theme of divine justice, where the proud and rich are brought low and their possessions are given to others Isaiah 5:17.
In summary, though used infrequently, H4220 conveys significant meaning. It simultaneously represents the positive ideal of offering one's best to God in worship and the negative warning that worldly richness can lead to pride and eventual downfall. The word mêach serves as a potent reminder of the value of sincere sacrifice and the transient nature of material wealth.
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