or מֻסַבָּה; feminine of מוּסָב; a reversal, i.e. the backside (of a gem), fold (of a double-leaved door), transmutation (of a name); being changed, inclosed, be set, turning.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **mûwçabbâh**, represented by `{{H4142}}`, describes a reversal or transmutation. It appears **5 times** across **5 unique verses** in the Bible. Its meanings are varied, encompassing ideas like something being **inclosed** or **set**, as with a gem; a **turning** motion, like a folding door; or the act of **being changed**, such as the transmutation of a name.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H4142}}` is used to describe specific actions of construction and transformation. A primary context is the creation of the priestly garments, where onyx stones bearing the names of Israel's children are **to be set** `{{H4142}}` in ouches of gold [[Exodus 28:11]]. This same concept of being **inclosed** `{{H4142}}` is repeated for the stones of the ephod [[Exodus 39:6]] and the fourth row of the breastplate [[Exodus 39:13]]. The word also appears architecturally to describe the **turning** `{{H4142}}` leaves of the temple doors in Ezekiel's vision [[Ezekiel 41:24]]. In a unique instance, it signifies a change of identity, where the names of conquered cities are described as **being changed** `{{H4142}}` by the Israelites [[Numbers 32:38]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the contexts in which `{{H4142}}` is used:
* `{{H4865}}` **mishbᵉtsâh** (ouch, wrought): This term for a gem's setting is used in direct conjunction with `{{H4142}}` to describe the finished state of stones being **inclosed** in the priestly breastplate ([[Exodus 39:6]], [[Exodus 39:13]]).
* `{{H1817}}` **deleth** (door): This word for a door or swinging leaf provides the object that is **turning** `{{H4142}}` in the description of the temple doors [[Ezekiel 41:24]].
* `{{H8034}}` **shêm** (name): This word for a name, representing identity and character, is what is **being changed** `{{H4142}}` when the Israelites renamed the cities they built [[Numbers 32:38]].
### Theological Significance
The applications of `{{H4142}}` carry significant weight, often tied to acts of divine importance or national identity.
* **Sacred Adornment:** The word is central to the meticulous instructions for the priestly ephod. By describing stones as **inclosed** `{{H4142}}` or **set** `{{H4142}}` in gold, it highlights the permanent and precious nature of the symbols representing the tribes of Israel before the Lord ([[Exodus 28:11]], [[Exodus 39:6]]).
* **Transformation of Identity:** Its use in [[Numbers 32:38]] is not merely about renaming. The act of names **being changed** `{{H4142}}` signifies a transfer of authority and the establishment of a new history for the cities that were built `{{H1129}}` and possessed by God's people.
* **Divine Architecture:** In Ezekiel's vision, the detail of **turning** `{{H4142}}` doors is part of a larger blueprint for a holy space. It shows that every functional aspect of the temple is designed with purpose and intention [[Ezekiel 41:24]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4142}}` is a specific term that denotes transformation, setting, or reversal. Though used sparingly, its applications are precise, describing the careful setting of precious stones in sacred garments, the functional design of temple doors, and the significant act of renaming a place to reflect a new identity. It consistently appears in contexts of creation and alteration, whether by skilled craftsmen or by a nation establishing its presence.
TRV