apparently a denominative from מָה; properly, to question or hesitate, i.e. (by implication) to be reluctant; delay, linger, stay selves, tarry.
Transliteration:mâhahh
Pronunciation:maw-hah'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew verb `{{H4102}}` (mâhahh), transliterated as "mâhahh," carries the primary meaning of "to question or hesitate." Its apparent derivation from `{{H4100}}` (mâh), the interrogative particle "what?", suggests an initial state of uncertainty or internal deliberation that leads to a pause or reluctance. This core meaning extends semantically to "delay," "linger," "stay selves," or "tarry." It is not merely a passive slowness but often implies an active unwillingness, a lack of readiness, or an internal resistance to proceed. The nuance of "hesitation" is crucial, indicating a moment of indecision or reluctance that results in a deferral of action.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word `{{H4102}}` appears in several significant contexts, illuminating its various shades of meaning:
* **Reluctance in the Face of Divine Command:** In [[Genesis 19:16]], Lot "lingered" (mâhahh) despite the urgent divine command to flee Sodom before its destruction. This instance powerfully illustrates the "reluctance" aspect, showing a dangerous hesitation in the face of imminent judgment, necessitating the angels' physical intervention.
* **Promptness in Obedience:** [[Exodus 12:39]] describes the Israelites' swift departure from Egypt, stating that they "could not delay" (lo' mâhahh). Here, the negation highlights the inverse of the word's meaning: a lack of hesitation, signifying promptness and urgency in response to God's command for the Exodus.
* **Delay in Departure/Hospitality:** In [[Judges 19:8]], the father-in-law urges the Levite to "tarry" (mâhahh) longer, extending hospitality. While still conveying delay, the context here is one of human interaction rather than divine imperative, though it still involves a deferral of departure.
* **Urgency of Proclamation:** The lepers in [[2 Kings 7:10]] declare, "Therefore let us not delay" (lo' nemâhahh), as they recognize the urgency of bringing the good news of the Syrian retreat to the city. This emphasizes the moral imperative to share vital information without hesitation.
* **Commitment to God's Law:** The psalmist proclaims in [[Psalm 119:60]], "I made haste and did not delay" (lo' mâhahh) to keep God's commandments. This is a profound statement of spiritual readiness and a deliberate choice to obey God's statutes immediately and without reservation, contrasting human procrastination with divine expectation.
* **Certainty of Divine Timing:** Perhaps one of the most theologically significant uses is in [[Habakkuk 2:3]], where the prophet is told concerning the vision, "though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not delay" (lo' yemâhahh). This affirms the absolute certainty and punctuality of God's prophetic word and divine plan, assuring that it will unfold precisely at its appointed time, unhindered by any "tarrying."
Across these contexts, `{{H4102}}` consistently points to a pause, a deferral, or a reluctance, often with significant consequences or implications for human responsibility and divine faithfulness.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of `{{H4102}}` intersects with several other Hebrew terms and theological concepts. Its antonyms often include words denoting speed or haste, such as `{{H4116}}` (mahēr, "to hasten") or `{{H2648}}` (ḥâphaz, "to hurry, flee in haste"). Synonyms or related concepts that also express delay or lingering might include `{{H309}}` (ʾāḥar, "to remain behind, delay") or `{{H1814}}` (dâḥâ, "to push back, postpone").
The distinctive aspect of `{{H4102}}` is its implication of an *internal* hesitation or questioning that underpins the outward delay. This distinguishes it from mere physical slowness or a simple lack of opportunity. It connects to concepts such as:
* **Procrastination:** The human tendency to put off necessary actions.
* **Doubt/Uncertainty:** The initial questioning that can lead to inaction.
* **Reluctance/Unwillingness:** An internal resistance to a command or course of action.
* **Punctuality/Readiness:** The positive counterparts to delay and hesitation, particularly in relation to obedience.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H4102}}` is profound, touching upon themes of human obedience, divine sovereignty, and the nature of faith.
* **Obedience and Disobedience:** The uses in [[Genesis 19:16]] and [[Psalm 119:60]] create a striking contrast. Lot's "lingering" highlights the spiritual danger of delaying obedience to a divine command, which can lead to judgment or loss. Conversely, the psalmist's commitment to "not delay" in keeping God's commandments exemplifies the ideal of prompt and willing obedience, a hallmark of true piety and devotion. This word underscores that obedience is not just about *what* is done, but *when* it is done.
* **Divine Timing and Faithfulness:** [[Habakkuk 2:3]] is a cornerstone for understanding God's faithfulness. The assurance that the vision "will not delay" speaks to God's absolute control over time and the certainty of His prophetic word. Human delay or impatience cannot thwart God's sovereign plan. This encourages steadfast faith and patient waiting for God's appointed time, even when circumstances seem to "tarry."
* **Urgency of the Gospel/Good News:** The example of the lepers in [[2 Kings 7:10]] can be extended metaphorically to the urgency of sharing good news, particularly the Gospel. Just as they could not delay in announcing deliverance, so too is there an imperative for believers to proclaim the good news of salvation without hesitation or procrastination.
* **Consequences of Indecision:** The word often appears in contexts where delay has significant consequences, whether it be Lot's near-miss with destruction or the potential for others to suffer due to unshared news. This serves as a warning against spiritual inertia and indecision.
### Summary
The Hebrew verb `{{H4102}}` (mâhahh) signifies "to question or hesitate," extending to "delay," "linger," or "tarry." Its core meaning implies an internal reluctance or uncertainty that prevents immediate action. Biblically, it illuminates the critical importance of prompt obedience to divine commands, as seen in the psalmist's devotion and the Israelites' swift exodus, contrasted with the perilous "lingering" of Lot. The word also powerfully assures the certainty and punctuality of God's divine plan, which "will not delay" its appointed fulfillment, as revealed in Habakkuk. Theologically, `{{H4102}}` serves as a profound reminder of the spiritual virtue of readiness and the dangers of procrastination, while simultaneously affirming the unwavering faithfulness of God in His timing.
TRV