Word Study for H3998 (מְבוּכָה)

mᵉbûwkâh /meb-oo-kaw'/ Ask about this word

Meaningperplexity

KJV usageperplexity.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of mᵉbûwkâh — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word mᵉbûwkâh, represented by H3998, means perplexity. It appears only 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible. Derived from a root meaning to perplex, this term describes a state of utter confusion, disarray, and helplessness, typically in the context of divine judgment.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In both of its occurrences, H3998 is used to describe the consequences of a day of reckoning from God. Isaiah prophesies a "day of trouble... and of perplexity" brought directly "by the Lord GOD of hosts" Isaiah 22:5. This event is characterized by the complete breakdown of order, including "treading down" and the "breaking down the walls." Similarly, Micah warns that when the "day of thy watchmen and thy visitation" arrives, the result for a corrupt people will be "their perplexity" Micah 7:4.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help to frame the severe nature of H3998:

H4103 mᵉhûwmâh (trouble): Defined as "confusion or uproar," this word is used in direct parallel with "perplexity" to describe the chaos of God's judgment in the valley of vision Isaiah 22:5.
H4001 mᵉbûwçâh (treading down): This term, meaning "a trampling," appears alongside H3998 to illustrate the destructive and subjugating nature of the day of the Lord Isaiah 22:5.
H6486 pᵉquddâh (visitation): Signifying an official reckoning or inspection, this word establishes the cause of the perplexity in Micah's prophecy. The day of visitation is the event that brings about the state of confusion Micah 7:4.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of H3998 is concentrated in its depiction of divine justice.

A Consequence of Judgment: Perplexity is not presented as a random event but as a direct outcome of a "day of visitation" Micah 7:4 that is orchestrated "by the Lord GOD of hosts" Isaiah 22:5. It is the state of a people experiencing divine retribution.
Societal Collapse: The term is associated with the complete unraveling of society. This includes the "treading down" of the people and the "breaking down the walls" that protect them, signifying a loss of security and structure Isaiah 22:5.
Moral Corruption's End: In Micah, the people facing perplexity are those whose "best" are like a "brier" and whose "most upright" are sharper than a "thorn hedge" Micah 7:4. The word highlights the inevitable confusion that results when a morally corrupt society faces a divine accounting.

Summary

In summary, H3998 is a rare but potent term for perplexity. It moves beyond simple confusion to describe a state of complete and helpless disarray brought upon a people as a direct act of judgment from God. Its use in scripture serves as a stark reminder of the consequences that follow a divine "visitation" upon a society that has abandoned righteousness.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Hebrew Old Testament, this word appears as a noun across 2 occurrences, inflected in 2 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it.

מְבוּכָה
מְבוּכָתָ

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 2 verses across 2 of the 39 books. Most frequent in Isaiah and Micah (1 verse each); never once in the other 37.

Isaiah

Micah

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.