### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **maʼăphêl**, represented by `{{H3990}}`, refers to **something opaque; darkness**. It is an exceedingly rare term, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible. Its singular usage points to a specific and powerful manifestation of darkness, divinely imposed as a barrier.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H3990}}` is found in [[Joshua 24:7]], where it describes a key event during the Exodus. The verse recounts that when the Israelites cried{H6817} out to the LORD{H3068}, He intervened by putting{H7760} **darkness** between them and the pursuing Egyptians{H4713}. This act of divine judgment served as a protective, opaque barrier, immediately preceding the moment God brought{H935} the sea{H3220} to cover{H3680} their enemies.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its context help clarify the meaning and function of `{{H3990}}`:
* `{{H3068}}` **Yᵉhôvâh** (the Lord): This identifies the source of the **darkness**. God is the one who acts on behalf of His people, making this a divine and purposeful event [[Joshua 24:7]].
* `{{H7760}}` **sûwm** (to put): This verb highlights that the **darkness** was not a natural occurrence but was intentionally placed or appointed by God as a barrier [[Joshua 24:7]].
* `{{H6817}}` **tsâʻaq** (to shriek, cry out): The **darkness** is a direct answer to the desperate cry of the people to the LORD for deliverance from their trouble ([[Joshua 24:7]], [[Psalms 107:6]]).
* `{{H3680}}` **kâçâh** (to cover): This word, used to describe the sea covering the Egyptians, thematically links to the function of **maʼăphêl**. Both the darkness and the sea act as overwhelming, covering forces of divine judgment ([[Joshua 24:7]], [[Habakkuk 2:14]]).
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H3990}}` is concentrated in its single, dramatic use.
* **A Tool of Divine Intervention:** The **darkness** is not a passive state but an active instrument wielded by God. It is placed{H7760} specifically in response to the cry{H6817} of His people, demonstrating His direct involvement in their history [[Joshua 24:7]].
* **A Barrier of Separation:** By putting{H7760} **darkness** between the Israelites and the Egyptians{H4713}, God creates a tangible separation. It functions as a protective shield for His people while simultaneously isolating their enemies for judgment.
* **A Precursor to Judgment:** This opaque **darkness** serves as the prelude to the final destruction of the Egyptian army. It is the first step in a sequence that culminates with the sea{H3220} being brought{H935} upon them, showcasing God's power to enact His will.
### Summary
In summary, while **maʼăphêl** `{{H3990}}` appears only once, its context in [[Joshua 24:7]] gives it profound significance. It is more than a simple word for **darkness**; it represents a specific, divinely-wrought opacity used as a tool of separation and a prelude to judgment. The singular use of `{{H3990}}` illustrates how God can intervene in the physical world, placing a protective barrier for His people while demonstrating His ultimate authority over their adversaries.
TRV