expanded from the same as כַּבּוֹן; a rim or top margin; compass.
Transliteration:karkôb
Pronunciation:kar-kobe'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word H3749 (כַּרְכֹּב, *karkôb*) is a noun derived from a root implying a circular or encompassing form. Its primary semantic range encompasses concepts related to a "rim," "top margin," or "compass." It denotes a defining edge, a boundary, or a structural element that encircles or delineates a specific area. Unlike more abstract terms for boundaries, karkôb suggests a tangible, physical component, likely a ledge, molding, or frame that serves to contain or support. It speaks to the precision and definition of an object's perimeter or a specific horizontal level within its structure.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term H3749 occurs exclusively in the context of the construction of the Tabernacle, specifically in relation to the altar of burnt offering. It is found in [[Exodus 27:5]] and [[Exodus 38:4]]. In both instances, it refers to a specific part of the altar: "And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the midst of the altar" [[Exodus 27:5]]. This "compass" or "rim" was a structural element located on the altar, beneath its main body, serving as a support or frame for the bronze grating (`{{H7568}}`, *reshet*). The grating itself was designed to be "even to the midst of the altar," implying that the karkôb defined the precise horizontal placement and extent of this internal mesh. Its function was practical: to manage the ashes and fire, ensuring the proper operation of the sacrificial rituals. The recurrence in [[Exodus 38:4]] confirms its integral role in the divinely ordained blueprint for the altar's construction by Bezalel and Oholiab.
### Related Words & Concepts
While karkôb is unique in its specific application, its conceptual domain overlaps with several other Hebrew terms related to boundaries, circles, and structural elements. Words like `{{H1366}}` (*gĕbûl*), meaning "boundary" or "territory," and `{{H8283}}` (*śāp̄â*), meaning "lip" or "edge," share a conceptual affinity for defining limits. More directly related to circular or encompassing forms are `{{H2300}}` (*ḥôg*), which denotes a "circle" or "circuit" (as in "the circle of the earth"), and `{{H5439}}` (*sāḇîḇ*), meaning "round about" or "surrounding." Architecturally, it relates to concepts of framing and molding, ensuring structural integrity and precise dimensions, which are central to the detailed instructions for the Tabernacle. The concept of a divinely specified "rim" or "compass" underscores the meticulousness of God's design for sacred space and objects.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of karkôb is primarily derived from its exclusive placement within the divinely commanded design of the Tabernacle's altar of burnt offering. The altar was the focal point of atonement and communion with God, where sacrifices were offered for the sins of the people. That such a seemingly minor structural detail as a "rim" or "compass" was explicitly commanded by God speaks volumes about His nature. It highlights:
1. **Divine Precision and Order:** God's instructions for the Tabernacle were exceedingly detailed, leaving no room for human improvisation. Every component, down to the karkôb, was essential for the proper functioning and symbolic integrity of the sacred space. This underscores God's absolute sovereignty and His demand for meticulous obedience in worship.
2. **Holiness and Purity:** The precise construction of the altar, including its karkôb, ensured that the sacrifices were offered in the prescribed manner, maintaining the holiness and purity required for approaching a holy God. The karkôb facilitated the proper management of the sacrificial fire and ashes, which were part of the clean and orderly worship.
3. **Symbolic Completeness:** Even a "rim" contributes to the overall symbolic completeness of the altar, representing the perfect, unblemished nature of the worship and atonement it facilitated. It signifies that God's plan for redemption is comprehensive, down to the smallest detail.
### Summary
The Hebrew word H3749 (*karkôb*) denotes a "rim," "top margin," or "compass," a tangible, structural element that defines a boundary or encircles a space. Its sole biblical occurrences are in [[Exodus 27:5]] and [[Exodus 38:4]], where it describes a specific component of the altar of burnt offering in the Tabernacle. Here, it served as a defining edge or support for the bronze grating, ensuring its precise placement and functionality. Theologically, the explicit divine command for such a seemingly minor detail underscores God's absolute precision, His demand for meticulous order in worship, and the comprehensive nature of His divine blueprint for the Tabernacle, emphasizing the holiness and integrity of the sacrificial system.
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