כְּלִמּוּת

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word kᵉlimmûwth, represented by H3640, means disgrace or shame. It is an exceedingly rare term, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible. The word derives from the base term כְּלִמָּה, which also relates to disgrace, marking H3640 as a specific and potent expression of this concept.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The sole appearance of H3640 is in the context of a divine judgment pronounced by God through the prophet Jeremiah. In a declaration of consequences, God states, "And I will bring an everlasting reproach upon you, and a perpetual shame, which shall not be forgotten" Jeremiah 23:40. Here, the word signifies a permanent state of dishonor imposed by God, one that is explicitly described as perpetual and unforgettable. It is presented alongside "reproach" as part of an enduring punishment.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help to frame the meaning of H3640 within its biblical context:

• H2781 cherpâh (rebuke, reproach, shame): This word is used in parallel with H3640 in its only appearance, signifying "reproach" Jeremiah 23:40. It often carries the meaning of disgrace or contempt, such as in the prophecy that some will awake from death to "everlasting shame and everlasting contempt" Daniel 12:2.
• H5414 nâthan (to give, put, make): This is the verb used to enact the judgment in Jeremiah 23:40, where God declares He will "give" or bring about this perpetual shame. The same word is used elsewhere for divine action, both in judgment and in blessing, such as God's promise "to give you an expected end" Jeremiah 29:11.

Theological Significance

The theological significance of H3640 is concentrated in its single, powerful use.

• Divine Judgment: The word is used exclusively within a prophecy of divine retribution. The shame it describes is not a result of human opinion but is a direct consequence delivered by God Himself Jeremiah 23:40.
• Perpetual Consequence: Its context emphasizes permanence. The shame is described as "perpetual" and something that "shall not be forgotten," underscoring the finality and severity of God's judgment against those who forsake Him.
• Active Imposition: The use of the verb H5414 shows that this shame is an action God performs or "gives" to people. It is an actively imposed state of disgrace, not merely a passive feeling.

Summary

In summary, H3640 is a specific and impactful term for shame. Though it appears only once, its placement in Jeremiah 23:40 defines it as a severe and lasting form of divine judgment. Linked with the concepts of reproach H2781 and the active power of God to give or impose a condition H5414, kᵉlimmûwth represents an unforgettable disgrace that serves as a stark warning of the consequences of turning from God.