### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **kîylay**, represented by `{{H3596}}`, describes a **churl** or a niggardly person. Derived from a root meaning "to withhold," it appears **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible. This term captures a character marked by a selfish and miserly nature that actively works against the vulnerable.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The biblical context for `{{H3596}}` is found exclusively in Isaiah. The term is set in direct opposition to positive attributes, stating that in a coming age of righteousness, a **churl** will no longer be mistaken for someone who is **bountiful** `{{H7771}}` [[Isaiah 32:5]]. This establishes a clear moral distinction. Furthermore, the character of the **churl** is described by his actions: his instruments `{{H3627}}` are evil `{{H7451}}`, and he devises `{{H3289}}` wicked devices `{{H2154}}` to destroy `{{H2254}}` the poor `{{H6041}}` with lying `{{H8267}}` words `{{H561}}`, even when the needy `{{H34}}` speak what is right `{{H4941}}` [[Isaiah 32:7]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the nature and impact of the **churl**:
* `{{H5036}}` **nâbâl** (vile person): This word for a fool or wicked person is used in parallel with **churl** to describe someone whose true character will be revealed and no longer confused with a liberal person [[Isaiah 32:5]].
* `{{H5081}}` **nâdîyb** (liberal): This term, meaning generous or noble, is used as the direct opposite of a vile person and, by extension, a **churl**. A time is foretold when these distinct characters will no longer be confused [[Isaiah 32:5]].
* `{{H2154}}` **zimmâh** (wicked devices): This describes the evil plans conceived by the **churl** in his efforts to cause harm. The **churl** is one who deviseth **wicked devices** [[Isaiah 32:7]].
* `{{H34}}` **ʼebyôwn** (needy): This term identifies the target of the **churl**'s malice. The **churl** uses deceit to destroy the poor, even when the **needy** speaks what is right [[Isaiah 32:7]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H3596}}` is centered on themes of social justice and divine judgment.
* **Character Defined by Action:** The **churl** is not merely stingy; his character is expressed through destructive actions, using "wicked devices" and "lying words" against the vulnerable [[Isaiah 32:7]].
* **Injustice Against the Poor:** The term highlights the sin of exploiting the poor `{{H6041}}` and needy `{{H34}}`. The **churl**'s actions are a direct assault on those who are socially and economically defenseless.
* **A Prophetic Reversal:** The context of Isaiah 32 promises a future where societal deceptions are exposed. A **churl** will no longer be called bountiful [[Isaiah 32:5]], signifying a divine reordering where true character is made plain.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H3596}}` **kîylay** is more than a simple term for a miser. It depicts an actively malicious individual whose defining characteristic is using deceit and evil schemes to withhold from and destroy the poor. Appearing in the prophetic book of Isaiah, it serves as a stark warning against social injustice while offering a promise that, in God's time, such evil will be unmasked and righteousness will prevail.
TRV