(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to לַהַג in the sense of piercing; a window (as a perforation); window.
Transliteration:kav
Pronunciation:kav
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Aramaic noun כַּו (kav), Strong's `{{H3551}}`, denotes a "window." Its etymological root is linked to a concept of "piercing" or "perforation," corresponding to the Hebrew לַהַג. This etymological insight highlights the fundamental nature of a window as an opening made in a wall or structure, designed to allow the passage of light, air, or vision. Unlike a mere hole, כַּו implies a deliberate, constructed aperture serving a specific purpose within a building. The term's narrow semantic range, limited to this single meaning, underscores its straightforward functional definition.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term כַּו (kav) appears only once in the biblical text, in the Aramaic portion of the Book of Daniel:
* [[Daniel 6:10]]: "Now when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house (now in his upper chamber he had windows open toward Jerusalem); and he knelt on his knees three times a day and prayed and gave thanks before his God, as he had done previously."
In this pivotal passage, the "windows" (כַּו) are not merely architectural features but are central to Daniel's unwavering devotion and defiance. Despite a royal decree forbidding prayer to any god or man except the king, Daniel intentionally maintains his established practice. The act of having his windows "open toward Jerusalem" is profoundly significant. It signifies:
1. **Orientation:** A steadfast spiritual alignment with Jerusalem, the city of God, and the site of the Temple, symbolizing the covenant and the divine presence.
2. **Transparency:** Daniel's prayer was not clandestine but openly performed, a visible testimony to his faith, even in the face of mortal danger.
3. **Continuity:** He prayed "as he had done previously," emphasizing his unbroken habit of worship and commitment to his ancestral traditions, regardless of external pressures.
The כַּו thus serves as a physical conduit for Daniel's spiritual connection, a visible declaration of his allegiance to Yahweh above all earthly authorities.
### Related Words & Concepts
While כַּו is an Aramaic term, it relates conceptually to several Hebrew words for "window" and broader themes:
* `{{H2474}}` (חַלּוֹן, challon): This is the most common Hebrew word for "window," appearing frequently throughout the Old Testament (e.g., [[Genesis 8:6]], [[Judges 5:28]]). It generally refers to a standard window opening.
* `{{H699}}` (אֲרֻבָּה, arubbah): This term can denote a "lattice-window," but also "floodgate" or "chimney" (e.g., [[Genesis 7:11]], [[2 Kings 7:2]]). It often implies a more controlled or specific type of opening.
The concept of a window itself evokes themes of:
* **Light and Revelation:** Windows allow light to enter, symbolizing divine illumination or truth.
* **Vision and Perspective:** They offer a view to the outside, representing understanding, foresight, or a particular orientation.
* **Connection and Separation:** Windows both connect an interior space to the exterior and define a boundary. In Daniel's case, the windows facilitate a spiritual connection while physically separating him from the dangers outside.
* **Prayer and Worship:** As seen in Daniel, windows can serve as a physical focal point for prayer, directing one's devotion.
### Theological Significance
The singular appearance of כַּו in [[Daniel 6:10]] imbues it with profound theological weight. Daniel's open windows are not merely architectural details but are saturated with spiritual meaning:
1. **Unwavering Faith and Devotion:** Daniel's deliberate act of praying with open windows towards Jerusalem, despite the life-threatening decree, exemplifies an uncompromised commitment to God. It highlights a faith that prioritizes divine command over human law.
2. **Public Witness:** The open windows symbolize a transparent and public declaration of faith. Daniel chose not to hide his devotion, making his worship a visible testimony to the sovereignty of God even in a hostile environment. This embodies a principle of unapologetic witness.
3. **Spiritual Orientation and Hope:** Jerusalem, for the exiled Jews, represented their spiritual homeland, the locus of God's presence, and the hope of restoration. Praying towards Jerusalem through the כַּו was an act of remembering the covenant, maintaining spiritual roots, and expressing eschatological hope for the return and rebuilding.
4. **Prayer as a Conduit:** The window becomes a metaphor for prayer itself – an open channel or direct line of communication between the individual and God, unhindered by earthly decrees or physical barriers. It underscores the accessibility of God to those who seek Him faithfully.
In essence, the כַּו in Daniel's upper chamber becomes a powerful symbol of steadfast piety, courageous witness, and unwavering spiritual allegiance in the face of persecution.
### Summary
The Aramaic word כַּו (kav), `{{H3551}}`, precisely defines a "window" as a "perforation" or opening. Its sole biblical occurrence in [[Daniel 6:10]] elevates its significance far beyond a simple architectural feature. In this context, Daniel's act of praying with windows open towards Jerusalem is a potent symbol of his unyielding faith, transparent devotion, and spiritual orientation towards God and His covenant promises. The כַּו serves as a physical manifestation of an open heart and an unhindered channel of prayer, embodying courageous witness and steadfast hope in the face of severe adversity. This single usage powerfully illustrates the depth of Daniel's commitment and the enduring nature of his connection to the divine.
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