### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Aramaic word **kâhên**, represented by `{{H3549}}`, is the corresponding term for a **priest**. Its definition refers to one who officiates in a religious capacity. It appears 8 times across 8 unique verses, with all occurrences found in the book of Ezra, highlighting its specific use in the context of the post-exilic community and the restoration of temple worship.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H3549}}` consistently refers to the **priests** of Israel who returned from captivity. They played a central role in the dedication of the second temple [[Ezra 6:16]]. These **priests** were organized into divisions and courses for the service of God in Jerusalem, as prescribed in the book of Moses [[Ezra 6:18]]. The term is also used in royal decrees, such as King Artaxerxes' letter to Ezra, identifying him as a **priest** and a scribe of the law of God ([[Ezra 7:12]], [[Ezra 7:21]]). The **priests** were responsible for the administration of offerings, including freewill offerings of silver and gold [[Ezra 7:16]], and for determining the necessary provisions for burnt offerings [[Ezra 6:9]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related Aramaic words clarify the context and function of the **kâhên**:
* `{{H3879}}` **Lêvîy** (Levite): This term appears frequently alongside **priests**. The **Levites** worked with the **priests** in the service of the house of God and were organized into their own courses, showing a distinct but related function in temple worship ([[Ezra 6:18]], [[Ezra 7:24]]).
* `{{H5613}}` **çâphêr** (scribe): This word is used to describe Ezra's other primary role. He is identified as both a **priest** and a **scribe** of the law of God, indicating his authority in both ritual service and the interpretation of the law ([[Ezra 7:12]], [[Ezra 7:21]]).
* `{{H5673}}` **ʻăbîydâh** (affairs, service, work): This word defines the duties of the **priests** and Levites. They were set in their divisions for the **service** of God at Jerusalem, a term that encompasses the entire scope of their work in the temple [[Ezra 6:18]].
### Theological Significance
The function of the `{{H3549}}` **kâhên** was foundational to the restored community in Jerusalem.
* **Restoration of Worship:** The **priests** were instrumental in re-establishing the formal worship of God after the exile, participating in the dedication of the new temple with joy [[Ezra 6:16]].
* **Administration of Temple Resources:** They were entrusted with managing the resources for temple rituals, receiving both freewill offerings from the people [[Ezra 7:16]] and provisions mandated by royal decree [[Ezra 6:9]].
* **Official and Protected Status:** The **priests** held a status recognized by foreign powers. A decree from King Artaxerxes granted them, along with other temple personnel, exemption from toll, tribute, or custom, ensuring their ability to perform their duties without interference [[Ezra 7:24]].
### Summary
In summary, the Aramaic term `{{H3549}}` **kâhên** specifically refers to the officiating **priests** who were central to the rebuilding of the temple and the spiritual life of Israel after the Babylonian captivity. All scriptural references place them in Jerusalem, where they organized the temple service, administered offerings according to the law of Moses, and operated under the explicit protection of Persian royal decrees. The word underscores a restored, organized, and officially sanctioned priesthood at a pivotal moment in Israel's history.
TRV