### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **chârath**, represented by `{{H2801}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to engrave** or **graven**. It appears just **1 time** across **1 unique verse** in the Bible. This singular, powerful use describes a divine act of permanent and authoritative inscription.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its sole biblical appearance, `{{H2801}}` is used to describe the divine origin of the Ten Commandments. The verse states that the tablets of stone were the work of God, and the writing itself was "the writing of God, **graven** upon the tables" [[Exodus 32:16]]. This context emphasizes the permanence and divine authority of the law, as it was physically etched by God himself.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its context help clarify the significance of this divine engraving:
* `{{H3871}}` **lûwach** (a tablet): This is the medium upon which the engraving occurs. These **tables** were not only physical objects of stone [[Exodus 31:18]] but the concept is also used metaphorically for inscribing truth upon the heart [[Proverbs 3:3]].
* `{{H4385}}` **miktâb** (a thing written, the characters, or a document): This word refers to the content being engraved. It can denote an official decree, such as the **writing** of a king [[Ezra 1:1]], or the very text of the Ten Commandments [[Deuteronomy 10:4]].
* `{{H430}}` **ʼĕlôhîym** (supreme God): This identifies the agent of the engraving. The text explicitly attributes the work and the writing to **God** [[Exodus 32:16]], establishing the divine authorship and authority of the law, distinct from any human work.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H2801}}` is concentrated in its single, powerful usage.
* **Divine Authorship:** The word directly links the physical act of engraving the law to God himself. The tablets are described as "the work of God" and the writing as "the writing of God, **graven** upon the tables" [[Exodus 32:16]], leaving no doubt as to their origin.
* **Permanence of God's Word:** Engraving, unlike writing with ink, implies permanence and immutability. By using **chârath**, the text highlights that God's covenant and commandments are intended to be lasting and unchangeable.
* **Direct Revelation:** The act of God personally engraving his law signifies a direct and unmediated form of revelation. It underscores the unique importance of the Ten Commandments as the foundation of the covenant between God and Israel.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2801}}` is a term whose significance far outweighs its frequency. Used only once, **chârath** captures the monumental act of God personally engraving His law onto stone. It transforms the concept of writing from a human craft into a divine act, forever marking the Ten Commandments with heavenly authority and permanence. This single word powerfully illustrates that the foundation of God's covenant with His people is not a suggestion, but a divinely inscribed and enduring reality.
TRV