חֹמֶשׁ

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word chômesh, represented by H2569, translates to a fifth tax or fifth participle. This term is highly specific, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible, marking a singular event of economic policy.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The sole use of H2569 is found in Genesis 47:26, which details a law established by Joseph in Egypt. After saving the nation from famine, Joseph instituted a permanent decree for the land. According to this law, a fifth part of the produce from the land of Egypt was to be given to Pharaoh. This tax applied to all land except for the land belonging to the priests, which was explicitly exempted from this ordinance and did not become Pharaoh's possession.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words provide context for the establishment of this tax:

• H2706 chôq (law): This is the term used for the ordinance Joseph established. It signifies a decree, statute, or appointed portion. Beyond this civil law, it is also used for God's divine statutes Exodus 15:26.
• H3130 Yôwçêph (Joseph): As the one who made the law, Joseph's role as an administrator is central. He is portrayed as a figure of wisdom with whom the Lord was present Genesis 39:2, and through him, God's plan for Israel unfolds.
• H6547 Parʻôh (Pharaoh): This title refers to the Egyptian king who was the recipient of the fifth part. Pharaoh represents the ruling power of Egypt for whom Joseph was acting as a principal officer (Genesis 47:26, Exodus 7:1).

Theological Significance

The theological significance of H2569 is derived from its unique context:

• Principle of a Set Portion: The concept of a fifth part establishes a clear and fixed principle of a tax or portion due to a governing authority. This act of setting aside a specific amount is a tangible expression of law and order.
• Wise Administration: Joseph's implementation of this law H2706 over the land H127 of Egypt H4714 is presented as a prudent act of governance that ensured the stability of the kingdom under Pharaoh H6547.
• Exemption for the Priesthood: The specific exception for the land H127 of the priests H3548 demonstrates a principle of distinction. This set-apart status for those in priestly roles is a theme reflected in other parts of scripture, such as Israel being called a "kingdom of priests" Exodus 19:6.

Summary

In summary, while H2569 chômesh is an exceptionally rare word, its single appearance is significant. It documents a specific moment of civil and economic lawmaking in the narrative of Joseph in Egypt. The term encapsulates the themes of orderly governance, the principle of a fixed portion, and the special status afforded to the priesthood, showing how a legal detail can carry underlying theological weight.