from זָרַר (in the sense of scattering); a chaplet (as spread around the top), i.e. (specifically) a border moulding; crown.
Transliteration:zêr
Pronunciation:zare
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The lemma זֵר (zêr, `{{H2213}}`) is derived from the verbal root זָרַר (zārar), which conveys the sense of "scattering," "spreading," or "strewing." This etymological connection is crucial, as it informs the primary meaning of זֵר as something that is "spread around" or "encompasses" an object. Its base definition specifies "a chaplet (as spread around the top)," indicating an encircling ornament. More precisely, in its biblical usage, it refers to a "border moulding" or "rim." While sometimes translated as "crown," particularly in older versions, its specific application in the Hebrew Bible points to a decorative or structural element that encircles or frames the upper edge of an object, rather than a wearable diadem. The semantic range is therefore quite narrow, focusing exclusively on this architectural or ornamental border.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term זֵר (zêr, `{{H2213}}`) appears exclusively within the book of Exodus, always in the context of the detailed instructions and subsequent construction of the Tabernacle and its sacred furnishings. Its consistent usage points to a very specific design element:
* In [[Exodus 25:11]], זֵר is commanded to be placed as a "gold molding" (זֵר זָהָב) around the Ark of the Covenant. This molding would have served to define the Ark's upper perimeter, adding to its regal appearance and emphasizing its sanctity.
* Similarly, [[Exodus 25:24-25]] specifies a "gold molding" (זֵר זָהָב) for the table for the Bread of the Presence. This detail underscores the preciousness and set-apart nature of this furnishing, which held the sacred bread.
* [[Exodus 30:3-4]] describes a "gold molding" (זֵר זָהָב) for the altar of incense. Here, the molding likely served both an aesthetic purpose and potentially a functional one, helping to contain the coals or ashes.
* The subsequent chapters detailing the Tabernacle's construction confirm the execution of these divine commands. [[Exodus 37:2]] notes the "gold molding" around the Ark, and [[Exodus 37:11]] mentions the molding for the table, affirming the meticulous adherence to God's instructions.
In each instance, the זֵר is made of pure gold, signifying the immense value and divine glory associated with these objects. It functions as a clear visual demarcation, setting apart the holy from the common and emphasizing the perfection and precision required in the construction of God's dwelling place.
### Related Words & Concepts
The etymological root זָרַר (zārar) provides the foundational concept of "spreading around" or "encompassing," which is directly reflected in the function of the זֵר (zêr, `{{H2213}}`) as a border or rim. While זֵר is sometimes translated as "crown," it is distinct from other Hebrew words for crown. For instance, נֵזֶר (nēzer, `{{H5145}}`) typically refers to a crown of consecration or royalty, often associated with the high priest's diadem or a king's crown. עֲטָרָה (ʿăṭārāh, `{{H5850}}`) is a more general term for a crown, wreath, or garland, often symbolizing honor, joy, or victory. Unlike these, זֵר specifically denotes an architectural or decorative border, a "crowning" element in the sense of adorning or completing the top edge of an object, rather than a wearable item of authority. The concept of boundaries, order, and sacred space is also closely related, as the זֵר serves to define the perimeters of holy objects within the Tabernacle, reinforcing the principles of divine separation and holiness.
### Theological Significance
The consistent application of the זֵר (zêr, `{{H2213}}`) to the most sacred furnishings of the Tabernacle—the Ark, the Table of Presence, and the Altar of Incense—carries profound theological significance. The presence of a "gold molding" on these items underscores God's meticulous attention to detail and His demand for perfection and beauty in worship. Gold, being the most precious and incorruptible metal, symbolizes divine glory, purity, and enduring value. The זֵר, as a border, functions as a visual representation of the holiness (קֹדֶשׁ, qōdesh, `{{H6944}}`) of these objects, setting them apart and defining their sacred space. It speaks to the absolute distinction between the holy and the common, reinforcing the principle that God's presence demands reverence, order, and the highest form of dedication. The precise instructions for the זֵר highlight the divine authorship of the Tabernacle's design, emphasizing that every element, no matter how seemingly small, contributed to the overall glory and purpose of God's dwelling among His people. It reflects a divine aesthetic that values both function and exquisite form in the service of the Almighty.
### Summary
The Hebrew word זֵר (zêr, `{{H2213}}`) refers to a "molding" or "rim," specifically a gold border found on the sacred furnishings of the Tabernacle in the book of Exodus. Derived from a root meaning "to spread around," it describes an encircling element that defines and adorns the Ark of the Covenant, the table for the Bread of the Presence, and the altar of incense. Its exclusive use in this context highlights its role in the divinely ordained design of the Tabernacle, emphasizing the sanctity, preciousness, and set-apart nature of these holy objects. Theologically, the זֵר underscores God's demand for perfection, beauty, and order in worship, serving as a golden boundary that visually declares the consecrated status of the instruments used in divine service. It is a testament to the meticulous care and reverence required in approaching the holy presence of God.
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