### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʼûwlâm**, represented by `{{H199}}`, serves as a particle of contrast and strong affirmation. It appears **19 times** across **19 unique verses** in the Bible and is often translated as **but**, **howbeit**, **in very deed**, **surely**, or **truly**. This word functions to introduce a contrary fact, a solemn oath, or an emphatic truth that shifts the focus of the surrounding text.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical narratives, `{{H199}}` is used to pivot from one idea to another or to add solemn weight to a declaration. It can mark a simple contrast in historical fact, as when Jacob names a place **Bethel** `{{H1008}}`, **but** `{{H199}}` the city's name was formerly Luz [[Genesis 28:19]]. It is also used to make powerful, oath-bound statements. For example, the LORD declares, "**But as truly** `{{H199}}` as I live, all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the LORD" [[Numbers 14:21]]. The word can also introduce a strong, contrary assertion, as when Micah proclaims, "**But truly** `{{H199}}` I am full of power by the spirit of the LORD" [[Micah 3:8]], setting himself apart from others.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words are often found in conjunction with `{{H199}}`, clarifying its function as a word of contrast and emphasis:
* `{{H559}}` **'amar** (to say): This word is frequently paired with `{{H199}}`, which often prefaces a significant declaration. For instance, Jacob's father **refused** `{{H3985}}` and **said** `{{H559}}`, "I know it, my son... **but truly** `{{H199}}` his younger brother shall be greater" [[Genesis 48:19]].
* `{{H2416}}` **chay** (alive, life): This term is central to the solemn oaths where `{{H199}}` is used for emphasis. David uses this combination when he says, "**but truly** `{{H199}}` as the LORD **liveth** `{{H2416}}`, and as thy soul **liveth** `{{H2416}}`, there is but a step between me and death" [[1 Samuel 20:3]].
* `{{H3045}}` **yâdaʻ** (to know): `{{H199}}` can introduce a truth that contrasts with what is already known. A father **knoweth** `{{H3045}}` his son has found grace, **but truly** `{{H199}}` a more critical truth is that there is only a step between David and death [[1 Samuel 20:3]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H199}}` is demonstrated in its use to affirm divine truth and purpose.
* **Divine Oaths and Certainty:** The use of `{{H199}}` in divine speech, particularly with the phrase "as I live," establishes the unwavering certainty of God's declarations. It is used when God guarantees His glory will fill the earth [[Numbers 14:21]] and in David's oath before God [[1 Samuel 25:34]].
* **Correcting Human Perspective:** The word often functions to pivot from a human viewpoint or a false premise to a divine reality. Job uses it to dismiss the counsel of his friends, stating, "**But** `{{H199}}` ye are forgers of lies, ye are all physicians of no value" [[Job 13:4]].
* **Highlighting Sovereign Purpose:** `{{H199}}` introduces statements revealing God's ultimate purpose and power. In [[Exodus 9:16]], it is used to explain why Pharaoh was raised up: "**And in very** `{{H199}}` **deed** for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power."
### Summary
In summary, `{{H199}}` is more than a simple conjunction; it is a powerful particle that directs the reader's attention to a crucial turn in thought or narrative. Whether used to express a solemn oath ("**truly** as I live"), introduce a contrasting reality ("**howbeit** the name of the city was Laish"), or emphasize a sovereign declaration ("**surely** I would speak to the Almighty"), `{{H199}}` serves to underscore certainty, correct perspective, and reveal divine purpose. It demonstrates how a single word can shift the focus of a passage, adding weight and gravity to what follows.
TRV