### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **hôben**, represented by `{{H1894}}`, refers to **ebony**. It is derived from an unused root meaning to be hard and appears only in its plural form. This term occurs just **1 time** across **1 unique verse** in scripture, where it denotes a valuable trade good.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its single biblical appearance, `{{H1894}}` is presented as a valuable commodity in international trade. The prophet Ezekiel, in a lament over the commercial hub of Tyre, lists **ebony** as part of the tribute or payment brought by merchants. The men of Dedan and other isles "brought thee for a present horns of ivory and **ebony**" [[Ezekiel 27:15]], highlighting its status as a luxury good.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its sole context illuminate its meaning:
* `{{H7161}}` **qeren** (a horn): This word literally means **a horn (as projecting)** but is used in [[Ezekiel 27:15]] to refer to **an elephant's tooth (i.e. ivory)**. Figuratively, it often symbolizes power, as in "the **horn** of my salvation" [[2 Samuel 22:3]].
* `{{H8127}}` **shên** (ivory): While its primary meaning is **a tooth (as sharp)**, it is also used specifically for **ivory**. In [[Ezekiel 27:15]] it is paired with `{{H7161}}` to form the phrase "horns of **ivory**". It is also used literally for teeth in contexts of judgment [[Psalms 3:7]].
* `{{H814}}` **ʼeshkâr** (present): This term for **a gratuity; gift, present** clarifies that the ebony and ivory were brought as valuable payment or tribute [[Ezekiel 27:15]]. It also appears when kings of the isles "shall offer **gifts**" [[Psalms 72:10]].
* `{{H7725}}` **shûwb** (brought): A versatile root meaning **to turn back**, it is translated as "brought" in [[Ezekiel 27:15]]. Its wider theological use involves returning to God, as in "let him **return** unto the LORD" [[Isaiah 55:7]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H1894}}` is derived entirely from its context within the prophecy against Tyre.
* **Symbol of Worldly Wealth:** Ebony is listed among the most precious goods of the ancient world. Its inclusion in the inventory of Tyre's merchandise serves to illustrate the city's immense earthly riches and global influence [[Ezekiel 27:15]].
* **Part of a Prophetic Warning:** The chapter where **hôben** appears is a prophecy of judgment against Tyre for the pride it took in its commercial success. Therefore, ebony functions as a detail within a larger lesson about the fleeting nature of worldly power when set against divine sovereignty.
* **Global Interconnection:** The mention of **ebony** being brought from "many isles" [[Ezekiel 27:15]] demonstrates the vast scope of ancient trade. Theologically, this highlights that God's authority extends over all nations and their enterprises, holding even the wealthiest accountable.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H1894}}` **hôben** is a highly specific term for **ebony**, appearing only once in the Old Testament. Its significance is not found in the word itself but in its role within the prophecy against Tyre in [[Ezekiel 27:15]]. It represents the peak of luxury and international commerce, yet also serves as a component in a divine warning against pride and reliance on material wealth. The word illustrates how even simple, descriptive terms can carry significant weight when viewed within their full prophetic context.
TRV