(also dor-bawn'); of uncertain derivation; a goad; goad.
Transliteration:dorbôwn
Pronunciation:dor-bone'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term H1861 (דׇּרְבוֹן, *dorbôwn*) denotes a "goad." This implement is typically a long, pointed stick, often tipped with metal, used by farmers to prod or guide draft animals, such as oxen, while plowing or pulling loads. Its primary function is to provide impetus, direction, and correction. The etymological derivation of *dorbôwn* is noted as uncertain, meaning its root does not provide further layers of semantic depth beyond its physical utility. Semantically, it encapsulates the idea of urging, stimulating, and applying pressure to effect movement or change.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word H1861 appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, in the book of Ecclesiastes:
* [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]]: "The words of the wise are like goads, and like nails firmly fixed are the collected sayings; they are given by one Shepherd."
In this sole occurrence, the "goad" serves as a powerful metaphor. The Preacher compares the "words of the wise" to these sharp instruments. This comparison highlights that wise words are not merely passive statements but active, penetrating tools designed to stimulate, direct, and even compel the listener. Just as a goad prods an animal into action or keeps it on the correct path, so too do the words of wisdom serve to move individuals from spiritual or intellectual inertia, guiding them towards understanding and righteous action. The parallel with "nails firmly fixed" further emphasizes the lasting, unyielding, and impactful nature of these sayings, which are ultimately attributed to "one Shepherd"—a likely reference to God as the ultimate source of all true wisdom and instruction.
### Related Words & Concepts
While H1861 is unique in its specific form and singular occurrence, its conceptual domain connects to several related terms and ideas in the biblical lexicon:
* **Other words for "goad":** The term `{{H4451}}` (מַלְמָד, *malmad*) is another Hebrew word translated as "goad," found in [[1 Samuel 13:21]]. While both refer to a goad, they are distinct lexical items, and it's crucial to note that H1861 is exclusively found in Ecclesiastes.
* **Guidance and Instruction:** The function of a goad aligns with broader biblical concepts of divine guidance, instruction, and discipline. Terms such as `{{H4148}}` (מוּסָר, *musar*, "discipline," "instruction") and `{{H3198}}` (יָסַר, *yasar*, "to discipline," "to instruct") convey the idea of shaping behavior and understanding, often through corrective means, similar to how a goad directs an animal.
* **The Shepherd Motif:** The "one Shepherd" mentioned in [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]] connects to the pervasive biblical motif of God as the Shepherd of His people (e.g., [[Psalm 23:1]], [[Isaiah 40:11]]). This reinforces the idea that the wisdom, though articulated by human teachers, ultimately originates from divine care and direction.
### Theological Significance
The metaphorical use of H1861 in [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]] imbues the simple agricultural tool with profound theological significance. It suggests:
1. **The Active Nature of Divine Wisdom:** God's word, and the wisdom derived from it, is not static or passive. It is dynamic, piercing, and intended to provoke a response. Like a goad, it pushes against complacency and encourages movement towards truth and righteousness.
2. **Correction and Direction:** The goad's function is often corrective, steering an animal away from error or idleness. Similarly, divine wisdom, conveyed through the "words of the wise," serves to correct human folly, redirect wayward paths, and keep individuals aligned with God's will.
3. **Divine Authority and Source:** The attribution of these "goad-like" words to "one Shepherd" underscores their divine origin and authority. This implies that true wisdom is not merely human insight but a gift from God, intended to guide His flock.
4. **Transformation and Growth:** The ultimate aim of the goad is productive labor. The aim of wise words, therefore, is to stimulate spiritual growth, moral development, and a life lived in accordance with divine principles. They are instruments for spiritual cultivation.
### Summary
The Hebrew word H1861 (דׇּרְבוֹן, *dorbôwn*) signifies a "goad," an implement used to prod and guide animals. Its sole appearance in the Hebrew Bible in [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]] metaphorically compares the "words of the wise" to these sharp tools. This powerful imagery conveys that divine wisdom, originating from "one Shepherd," is not merely informative but actively penetrates the heart and mind, serving to motivate, correct, and direct individuals towards righteous living and spiritual growth. It highlights the dynamic, authoritative, and transformative power of God's word in shaping human conduct and understanding.
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