### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **dorbôwn**, represented by `{{H1861}}`, refers to a **goad**. This word appears 2 times in 2 unique verses. It is used both in a literal sense as an agricultural implement and metaphorically to describe the effect of wise words.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its two biblical appearances, `{{H1861}}` is presented in distinct contexts. First, it is mentioned as a common farming tool in 1 Samuel, where the Israelites had to go to the Philistines to sharpen their mattocks, coulters, axes, and **goads** [[1 Samuel 13:21]]. This verse highlights its practical, everyday use in agriculture. The second use is metaphorical, where the words of the wise are compared to **goads** and fastened nails, suggesting they are meant to prod and secure a person in right thinking and action [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning and context of `{{H1861}}`:
* `{{H1697}}` **dâbâr** (a word): This word is directly compared to a goad in [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]], illustrating that words can serve as tools to guide or motivate.
* `{{H2450}}` **châkâm** (wise): The words that function as goads come from the wise, emphasizing that the source of this prodding is wisdom [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]].
* `{{H855}}` **ʼêth** (coulter, plowshare): This is another agricultural tool mentioned alongside the goad in [[1 Samuel 13:21]], placing `{{H1861}}` firmly in the context of farming implements.
* `{{H5324}}` **nâtsab** (to station, sharpen): This verb describes the action of preparing the goads and other tools, highlighting their importance and need for maintenance [[1 Samuel 13:21]].
### Theological Significance
The conceptual significance of `{{H1861}}` lies in its dual application as both a physical object and a powerful metaphor.
* **Instrument of Guidance:** Just as a physical goad directs an animal, the words of the wise are meant to direct people. They are given by "one shepherd," implying a single, authoritative source of wisdom [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]].
* **The Power of Wise Words:** The comparison of wise words to goads and fastened nails suggests they have the power to both incite action and establish firm convictions [[Ecclesiastes 12:11]].
* **A Fundamental Implement:** In its literal sense, the goad was an essential tool for Israel's agrarian society. The fact that they had to rely on their enemies to sharpen their goads shows a state of significant vulnerability and oppression [[1 Samuel 13:21]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H1861}}` **dorbôwn** is a term that moves from the literal to the metaphorical. It represents a simple agricultural tool essential for daily life, but it is also used in Scripture to convey a profound truth about the impact of wisdom. The word illustrates how the words of the wise, given from a single shepherd, can function as a goad to prod, guide, and securely fasten truth in the hearts and minds of listeners.
TRV