### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **dal**, represented by `{{H1800}}`, describes a state of being weak, thin, or needy. It appears **48 times** across **46 unique verses** in the Bible. Derived from a root meaning to be dangling, it conveys a sense of being low, lean, or impoverished. This term encompasses physical weakness, social vulnerability, and financial poverty.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical narratives, `{{H1800}}` is applied in various contexts. It can describe a physical state, such as when Amnon is described as becoming **lean** `{{H1800}}` from lovesickness [[2 Samuel 13:4]]. It is also used in a political or military sense, as when the house of Saul grew **weaker** `{{H1800}}` and weaker while the house of David grew stronger [[2 Samuel 3:1]]. Most frequently, it denotes the socio-economic status of the **poor** `{{H1800}}`, who are subjects of both oppression and divine concern [[Proverbs 19:17]]. The law explicitly commands impartial judgment, warning not to unjustly favor the **poor** `{{H1800}}` in a dispute [[Leviticus 19:15]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a fuller picture of neediness and social standing:
* `{{H34}}` **'ebyôwn** (beggar, needy, poor man): Often used in parallel with **dal**, this term emphasizes destitution and a state of want. The prophets frequently condemn those who crush the **needy** `{{H34}}` and oppress the **poor** `{{H1800}}` [[Amos 4:1]].
* `{{H6041}}` **ʻânîy** (afflicted, humble, lowly, needy, poor): This word points to a state of affliction or depression, whether in mind or circumstance. The Lord promises to leave a remnant of **afflicted** `{{H6041}}` and **poor** `{{H1800}}` people who trust in His name [[Zephaniah 3:12]].
* `{{H6223}}` **ʻâshîyr** (rich (man)): As the direct opposite of **dal**, this term highlights the contrast between wealth and poverty. Scripture warns against oppressing the **poor** `{{H1800}}` to increase one's own standing or giving to the **rich** `{{H6223}}` [[Proverbs 22:16]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H1800}}` is profound, highlighting God's justice and compassion.
* **Divine Concern:** God is portrayed as the defender and provider for the **dal**. He raises the **poor** `{{H1800}}` from the dust [[1 Samuel 2:8]] and is a strength to them in their distress [[Isaiah 25:4]].
* **Measure of Righteousness:** The treatment of the **poor** `{{H1800}}` serves as a benchmark for justice. A righteous king is one who faithfully judges the **poor** `{{H1800}}` [[Proverbs 29:14]], and the coming Messiah will judge them with righteousness [[Isaiah 11:4]].
* **Consequences of Injustice:** Oppressing the **poor** `{{H1800}}` is an act of reproach against God Himself [[Proverbs 14:31]]. Those who stop their ears to the cry of the **poor** `{{H1800}}` will one day find their own cries unheard [[Proverbs 21:13]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H1800}}` is a multi-faceted term that extends beyond simple poverty. It captures a state of vulnerability, whether physical, social, or political. The Bible consistently uses **dal** to frame the responsibilities of the powerful toward the weak and to illustrate God's deep commitment to justice, mercy, and the uplifting of those who are low.
TRV