### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **dayân**, represented by `{{H1781}}`, means **judge** or advocate. It is derived from the root word for judgment, דִּין. Though it appears only **2 times** in **2 unique verses**, its usage specifically defines a divine role of adjudication and defense.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical appearances, `{{H1781}}` is used exclusively to describe God. In Psalms, God is called "a **judge** of the widows," portraying Him as the defender of the vulnerable and helpless [[Psalms 68:5]]. In a plea for justice, David asks the LORD to act as the **judge** between him and his pursuer, calling on God to not only see and judge but also to plead his cause and deliver him [[1 Samuel 24:15]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the role and context of the **dayân**:
* `{{H8199}}` **shâphaṭ** (to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or against)): This verb is used alongside `{{H1781}}` in [[1 Samuel 24:15]], where David asks the LORD to be the **judge** (dayân) and to **judge** (shâphaṭ) the situation, highlighting the action that the **dayân** performs.
* `{{H7378}}` **rîyb** (to wrangle, i.e. hold a controversy; (by implication) to defend; ... plead): This term, also found in [[1 Samuel 24:15]], shows the advocate aspect of the **dayân**. The judge is called upon to **plead** the cause, indicating an active role in defense, not just a passive verdict.
* `{{H3490}}` **yâthôwm** (a bereaved person; fatherless (child), orphan): The context for God as a **judge** of widows in [[Psalms 68:5]] also names Him as a "father of the **fatherless**," placing the judicial role of `{{H1781}}` squarely in the realm of protecting the defenseless.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H1781}}` is focused on God's character as the ultimate arbiter of justice.
* **Divine Adjudicator:** Both scriptural uses apply this title directly to God, establishing Him as the supreme Judge to whom individuals can appeal for a righteous verdict, as David does [[1 Samuel 24:15]].
* **Protector of the Vulnerable:** The role of the **dayân** is explicitly linked with caring for society's most vulnerable members, specifically widows [[Psalms 68:5]]. This connects divine judgment with mercy and protection.
* **Advocate and Defender:** The term implies more than just sentencing. By being asked to "plead my cause" [[1 Samuel 24:15]], the **dayân** is shown to be an advocate who contends on behalf of the wronged.
### Summary
In summary, **dayân** `{{H1781}}` is a specific and potent title for a **judge** and advocate. While rare, its appearances in scripture are significant, exclusively designating God as the one who renders perfect judgment, defends the defenseless, and pleads the cause of the righteous. The word powerfully combines the concepts of judgment and advocacy into a single divine role.
TRV