or (fully) דָּאג; (Nehemiah 13:16), from דָּגָה; a fish (as prolific); or perhaps rather from דָּאַג (as timid); but still better from דָּאַג (in the sense of squirming, i.e. moving by the vibratory action of the tail); a fish (often used collectively); fish.
Transliteration:dâg
Pronunciation:dawg
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word `{{H1709}}`, transliterated as *dâg* (and sometimes spelled *dâ'g* as in [[Nehemiah 13:16]]), primarily denotes "fish" and is often used collectively. Its etymological roots offer intriguing insights into its semantic range. One proposed origin links it to `{{H1710}}` (*dâgâh*), meaning "to multiply" or "to be prolific," thereby characterizing fish by their remarkable fecundity. This highlights the abundance of fish in aquatic environments.
An alternative, and perhaps more nuanced, etymology connects `{{H1709}}` to `{{H1672}}` (*dâ'ag*), which means "to fear" or "to be anxious." This connection could suggest the timid nature of fish or, more descriptively, their characteristic "squirming" or "vibratory action of the tail" as a mode of movement. The Strong's definition itself suggests this latter interpretation as "still better," emphasizing the dynamic, living aspect of the creature. Regardless of the precise etymology, the core meaning remains consistent: a creature of the water, embodying aspects of prolific life and agile movement.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{H1709}}` appears throughout the Hebrew Bible, often in contexts that underscore God's sovereignty over creation, His provision, and His use of nature in both judgment and salvation.
In the creation narrative, fish are among the first creatures brought forth by God's command, populating the waters ([[Genesis 1:20-21]]). Humanity is given dominion over the "fish of the sea" ([[Genesis 1:26]], [[Genesis 1:28]], [[Genesis 9:2]]), establishing their place within the created order and under human stewardship.
The Mosaic Law differentiates between clean and unclean aquatic creatures, with "fish" specifically referring to those with fins and scales that are permissible for consumption ([[Leviticus 11:9-12]], [[Deuteronomy 14:9-10]]). This distinction served to set Israel apart and promote ritual purity.
In the account of the plagues in Egypt, the "fish" of the Nile are struck down, turning the river to blood and signifying God's judgment upon Egypt and its deities ([[Exodus 7:18]], [[Exodus 7:21]]). This demonstrates God's power to affect even the most basic elements of sustenance. Later, during the wilderness wandering, the Israelites lament their lack of "fish" from Egypt, highlighting its importance as a food source ([[Numbers 11:5]], [[Numbers 11:22]]).
Perhaps the most iconic use of `{{H1709}}` is in the book of Jonah, where a "great fish" (`{{H1709}}` is used collectively or to refer to the specific creature) is divinely appointed to swallow Jonah, serving as both a means of judgment for his disobedience and a vessel for his miraculous preservation and deliverance ([[Jonah 1:17]], [[Jonah 2:1]], [[Jonah 2:10]]). This narrative transcends a mere natural event, becoming a profound theological statement on God's sovereign control over creation for His redemptive purposes.
Prophetic literature also employs `{{H1709}}`. Ezekiel prophesies the judgment of Pharaoh, likening him to a great monster whose "fish" will stick to his scales ([[Ezekiel 29:4-5]]). Conversely, Ezekiel's vision of the river flowing from the temple describes "very many fish" thriving in its life-giving waters ([[Ezekiel 47:9-10]]), symbolizing spiritual healing and abundant life. In [[Nehemiah 13:16]], "fish" are mentioned in the context of Tyrian merchants selling their wares in Jerusalem on the Sabbath, illustrating a practical aspect of daily life and commerce.
### Related Words & Concepts
The study of `{{H1709}}` is enriched by examining its connections to other Hebrew terms and broader biblical concepts.
* **Etymological Roots:**
* `{{H1710}}` (*dâgâh*, "to multiply, to be prolific"): This root underscores the abundance and reproductive capacity often associated with fish, reflecting God's blessing of fruitfulness in creation.
* `{{H1672}}` (*dâ'ag*, "to be anxious, to fear"): While less direct in its semantic link to "fish," this root highlights the dynamic movement or perhaps the inherent vulnerability of these creatures within their environment.
* **Associated Terms:**
* `{{H1728}}` (*dayyâg*, "fisherman"): This derivative emphasizes the human interaction with fish, particularly for sustenance and livelihood.
* `{{H4628}}` (*metsûdâh*, "net, snare") and `{{H2248}}` (*chakkâh*, "fishhook"): These terms illustrate the methods of catching fish, often used metaphorically for entrapment or divine judgment.
* `{{H6793}}` (*tsayid*, "game, prey"): This broader term often includes fish, signifying them as a source of food obtained through hunting or fishing.
* **Conceptual Connections:**
* **Creation and Dominion:** Fish are integral to God's created order, placed under human stewardship, reflecting the divine mandate to care for the earth.
* **Sustenance and Provision:** As a primary food source, fish symbolize God's provision for His creatures and humanity.
* **Purity and Distinction:** The dietary laws concerning fish underscore the importance of holiness and distinctiveness for the covenant people.
* **Divine Judgment and Deliverance:** The narrative of Jonah and the plagues in Egypt powerfully demonstrate God's use of fish as instruments of His sovereign will, whether in judgment or miraculous salvation.
* **Abundance and Life:** As seen in Ezekiel's vision, the proliferation of fish can symbolize spiritual vitality, healing, and the overflow of divine blessing.
### Theological Significance
The presence and various uses of `{{H1709}}` in the biblical text contribute significantly to several theological themes.
Firstly, `{{H1709}}` points to the **sovereignty and creative power of God**. From the initial act of creation where God commands the waters to teem with living creatures ([[Genesis 1:20]]), to His specific use of a "great fish" to accomplish His will in Jonah's life, God is consistently portrayed as the orchestrator and sustainer of all marine life. This highlights His absolute authority over every aspect of His creation.
Secondly, fish serve as a tangible representation of **God's provision for humanity**. They are given as food ([[Genesis 9:2]]), a vital part of the diet of ancient peoples. Even when contrasted with the miraculous manna ([[Numbers 11:5]]), the desire for fish underscores its role as a fundamental source of nourishment, demonstrating God's care for the physical needs of His people.
Thirdly, the narrative involving the "great fish" in Jonah's story profoundly illustrates **God's instruments of judgment and salvation**. The fish is not merely a natural phenomenon but a divinely appointed agent. It is an instrument of disciplinary judgment for Jonah's rebellion, yet simultaneously, it becomes the means of his miraculous preservation and deliverance. This unique theological role underscores God's ability to use any part of His creation, even the seemingly mundane, to fulfill His redemptive purposes and demonstrate His boundless mercy.
Finally, the imagery of "fish" in prophetic visions, particularly in Ezekiel's river of life ([[Ezekiel 47:9-10]]), conveys **spiritual abundance and healing**. The thriving multitude of fish in these waters symbolizes the life-giving power of God's presence and the spiritual fruitfulness that flows from His sanctuary, bringing health and vitality to all it touches.
### Summary
The Hebrew word `{{H1709}}` (*dâg*), meaning "fish," holds a rich semantic and theological depth within the biblical narrative. While its etymology may point to either the prolific nature or the characteristic movement of fish, its consistent usage across various biblical books establishes its significance. From the initial acts of creation, where fish are part of God's perfect order and placed under human dominion, to the specific dietary laws that distinguished Israel, `{{H1709}}` grounds the reader in the practical realities of life in the ancient Near East.
Theologically, `{{H1709}}` serves as a powerful testament to God's absolute sovereignty over creation, His faithful provision for His people, and His profound ability to use natural elements as instruments of both judgment and miraculous salvation, most notably in the account of Jonah. Furthermore, in prophetic visions, the abundance of fish symbolizes spiritual life, healing, and divine blessing. Thus, `{{H1709}}` is far more than a simple biological term; it is a word imbued with deep spiritual meaning, reflecting the multifaceted character and purposes of the Almighty God.
TRV