a primitive root; properly, to hollow or arch, i.e. (figuratively) close; to shut; shut.
Transliteration:gûwph
Pronunciation:goof
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew root `{{H1479}}` (gûwph) is a primitive root, carrying the fundamental sense of "to hollow or arch." From this literal meaning, a figurative and more common sense emerges: "to close" or "to shut." The imagery of an arch can imply an enclosure or a covering that brings something to a closed state. Similarly, "hollowing" might suggest creating a space that can then be sealed or shut off. Thus, the primary semantic range revolves around the action of bringing something to a state of closure, whether physically sealing an opening or metaphorically enclosing.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The root `{{H1479}}` appears only once in the Masoretic Text, in [[Nehemiah 7:3]]. The form found here is the Pual participle, plural, masculine, "וְהַמְגֻפִּים" (wəhamməgupîm), which can be translated as "and the shut ones" or "and those who are shut/closed."
The full verse reads: "And I commanded them that they should not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun was hot; and while they were still standing, let them shut the doors and bar them; and appoint guards from the inhabitants of Jerusalem, each at his watch, and each opposite his house." The phrase containing `{{H1479}}` is typically rendered in English translations as referring to "door-keepers" or "guards," or sometimes "the locked ones" in conjunction with "the gatekeepers."
In this critical post-exilic context, Nehemiah is implementing strict security measures for the newly rebuilt walls and gates of Jerusalem. The mention of "the gatekeepers" (הַשֹּׁעֲרִים) immediately preceding "וְהַמְגֻפִּים" suggests a close association. While some interpretations connect "מְגֻפִּים" to a sense of "body" or "corpse" (related to Aramaic/Syriac *gūphā*), the Strong's definition provided for `{{H1479}}` points firmly to "shut." Therefore, within the framework of this study, "וְהַמְגֻפִּים" refers to those responsible for the *act* of shutting and securing the gates, or perhaps a specific class of guards whose primary duty was ensuring the gates remained closed and barred. This single occurrence highlights the vital importance of secure entry and exit points for the city's defense and order.
### Related Words & Concepts
The concept of "shutting" or "closing" is conveyed by several other Hebrew words, each with nuanced applications.
* `{{H5462}}` (sāgar): This is a very common verb meaning "to shut," "close," or "bar." It is used for shutting doors, gates, or even the heavens (e.g., [[Genesis 7:16]], [[Deuteronomy 11:17]]). It often implies a definitive closure.
* `{{H5534}}` (sātham): Means "to stop up," "shut up," or "close." It can refer to stopping up wells or channels (e.g., [[Genesis 26:15]]).
* `{{H7760}}` (shāmar): While primarily meaning "to guard" or "to watch," it often implies the act of keeping something secure, which can include keeping it shut or inaccessible (e.g., guarding a gate).
* `{{H5975}}` (ʿālam): Means "to hide" or "conceal," which can involve shutting something away from view or access.
`{{H1479}}`, despite its singular biblical appearance, contributes to this semantic field of closure and security. Its unique form in [[Nehemiah 7:3]] suggests a specific function related to the secured state of the gates, perhaps emphasizing the *state* of being shut or the *role* of ensuring the shutting.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H1479}}` is derived from its sole biblical context in [[Nehemiah 7:3]]. The act of "shutting" and "barring" the gates of Jerusalem carries profound implications for the post-exilic community.
1. **Divine Protection and Human Responsibility:** While God is the ultimate protector of His people (e.g., [[Psalm 121:4]]), Nehemiah's meticulous instructions underscore the human responsibility in maintaining security. The "shutting" of the gates is a concrete act of vigilance, ensuring the safety and integrity of the holy city and its inhabitants against external threats. It reflects a partnership between divine provision and human diligence.
2. **Order and Boundaries:** The proper shutting of gates establishes clear boundaries for the community. In a theological sense, this speaks to the importance of order, discipline, and the clear demarcation between the sacred and the profane, or between the covenant community and the surrounding hostile nations. It signifies a re-establishment of structure and control after a period of chaos and vulnerability.
3. **Sanctity of Place:** Jerusalem, as the city of God, was to be a secure and holy dwelling. The act of shutting its gates contributed to its sanctity, protecting it from defilement and unauthorized entry. This echoes the broader biblical theme of setting apart sacred spaces.
4. **Vigilance:** The instructions to "shut the doors and bar them" and to appoint guards highlight the necessity of constant vigilance. The "shut ones" (מְגֻפִּים) in this context become symbols of an alert and prepared community, ready to defend what God has restored.
### Summary
The Hebrew root `{{H1479}}` (gûwph) fundamentally signifies "to hollow or arch," from which it derives the meaning "to shut" or "to close." Its singular occurrence in the biblical text is found in [[Nehemiah 7:3]], where the Pual participle "וְהַמְגֻפִּים" (wəhamməgupîm) refers to those responsible for ensuring the gates of Jerusalem were securely shut and barred. This specific usage underscores the critical importance of security, vigilance, and the establishment of protective boundaries for the post-exilic community. Theologically, `{{H1479}}` in this context speaks to the interplay of divine protection and human responsibility in safeguarding the holy city, emphasizing order, security, and the diligent preservation of God's people and their sacred spaces. It is a rare but potent word, reinforcing the theme of watchful care over what is precious and set apart.
TRV