from an unused root (meaning to be convex); a goblet; by analogy, the calyx of aflower; house, cup, pot.
Transliteration:gᵉbîyaʻ
Pronunciation:gheb-ee'-ah
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term גְּבִיעַ (gᵉbîyaʻ, `{{H1375}}`) derives from an unused root signifying "to be convex" or "bulging." Its primary meaning denotes a "goblet" or "cup," emphasizing a vessel with a rounded, often ornate, form. By analogy, the term can also refer to the "calyx of a flower," the cup-like structure that encloses and supports the petals, further underscoring the characteristic shape. While the base definition also includes "house" and "pot," the former is not attested in biblical usage for this specific word, and "pot" would be a more general extension of "vessel." The core semantic range thus centers on a distinct, often valuable, drinking vessel.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word גְּבִיעַ (gᵉbîyaʻ, `{{H1375}}`) appears exclusively in the book of Genesis, specifically within the narrative of Joseph and his brothers. All occurrences are found in Genesis 44, where the term refers to Joseph's "silver cup" (גְּבִיעַ הַכֶּסֶף).
* [[Genesis 44:2]]: Joseph commands his steward to place his cup in Benjamin's sack.
* [[Genesis 44:12]]: The cup is discovered in Benjamin's sack, fulfilling Joseph's orchestrated plan.
* [[Genesis 44:16]]: Judah, speaking on behalf of his brothers, acknowledges the discovery of the cup.
* [[Genesis 44:17]]: Joseph refers to the cup in his response, asserting the guilt of the one with whom it was found.
In this context, the גְּבִיעַ (gᵉbîyaʻ) is not merely a utilitarian object but a central prop in Joseph's elaborate test of his brothers. Joseph dramatically claims the cup is used for divination ([[Genesis 44:5]], [[Genesis 44:15]]), a detail that serves to heighten the perceived gravity of the theft and the apparent guilt of Benjamin. This claim, whether true or a strategic deception, imbues the cup with an aura of special significance and power within the narrative, making its "theft" a severe offense. The cup thus becomes the catalyst for Judah's climactic intercession and the subsequent revelation of Joseph's identity.
### Related Words & Concepts
While גְּבִיעַ (gᵉbîyaʻ, `{{H1375}}`) specifically refers to a goblet, other Hebrew terms denote vessels or containers, often with broader semantic ranges:
* `{{H3563}}` (כּוֹס, *kos*): A general term for "cup," frequently used both literally for drinking vessels and metaphorically for one's destiny, lot, or portion (e.g., "cup of wrath," "cup of salvation").
* `{{H3627}}` (כְּלִי, *keli*): A very broad term meaning "vessel," "implement," "article," or "utensil." It can refer to any kind of container or tool.
* `{{H5518}}` (סֵפֶל, *sephel*): Denotes a "basin" or "bowl," often used for serving or ritual purposes, typically wider and shallower than a goblet.
The unique usage of גְּבִיעַ (gᵉbîyaʻ, `{{H1375}}`) in Genesis 44 underscores its specific nature as a valuable, perhaps ceremonial, goblet, distinct from more common vessels. The mention of its "silver" composition further highlights its preciousness and importance within Joseph's household.
### Theological Significance
The גְּבִיעַ (gᵉbîyaʻ, `{{H1375}}`) in Genesis 44, though a mundane object, carries profound theological weight within its narrative context. It functions as a divinely orchestrated instrument in Joseph's plan to test his brothers and bring about their repentance and reconciliation.
1. **Divine Providence:** The cup's placement and "discovery" are not accidental but part of God's overarching plan to bring Jacob's family to Egypt and preserve them during the famine. Joseph's manipulation of the situation, including the use of the cup, serves as a human conduit for divine purposes.
2. **Testing and Revelation:** The cup serves as the ultimate test of the brothers' character, particularly Judah's. Their willingness to sacrifice Benjamin, or conversely, Judah's willingness to stand in his place ([[Genesis 44:33]]), reveals the depth of their transformation since their earlier betrayal of Joseph. The cup thus becomes an instrument for revealing hearts and fostering true repentance.
3. **Symbol of Guilt and Grace:** For the brothers, the cup initially symbolizes undeniable guilt and impending doom. Its presence in Benjamin's sack leads them to despair ([[Genesis 44:9]], [[Genesis 44:13]]). However, this moment of profound crisis ultimately paves the way for Joseph's revelation of grace and forgiveness, transforming the symbol of accusation into a prelude to reconciliation.
4. **Human Deception for Divine Good:** Joseph's claim that he uses the cup for divination, while a deception, is employed to achieve a righteous outcome. This highlights a complex aspect of biblical narrative where human actions, even those involving guile, can be subsumed within God's sovereign plan to bring about His purposes.
### Summary
The Hebrew word גְּבִיעַ (gᵉbîyaʻ, `{{H1375}}`) primarily denotes a "goblet" or "cup," characterized by its convex or rounded shape, with an analogical extension to the "calyx of a flower." Its biblical occurrences are exclusively limited to Genesis 44, where it refers to Joseph's "silver cup." In this pivotal narrative, the גְּבִיעַ (gᵉbîyaʻ) transcends its physical form to become a crucial instrument in Joseph's divinely guided scheme to test his brothers. It serves as a catalyst for their repentance, a symbol of perceived guilt, and ultimately, a means through which divine providence orchestrates the family's reconciliation and preservation. The cup, therefore, is not merely a household item but a potent narrative device revealing themes of testing, transformation, and God's sovereign work through human circumstances.
TRV