The Hebrew word biqqôreth, represented by H1244, is defined as an examination that by implication leads to punishment, and is translated as scourged. It is a very specific term, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse within the scriptures. Its meaning is tied directly to a specific legal consequence.
The single use of H1244 is found in Leviticus 19:20. This verse outlines the penalty for a man who lies carnally with a woman who is a bondmaid betrothed to another man. The law specifies that if she has not been redeemed or given her freedom, the consequence is that "she shall be scourged." This punishment is explicitly contrasted with the death penalty, which is not applied in this case because the woman was not free.
The context of H1244 is clarified by several key related terms found within the same verse:
- H8198 shiphchâh (bondmaid): This defines the woman's status as a female slave, which is central to the specific legal ruling Leviticus 19:20.
- H6299 pâdâh (redeemed): This word, meaning to ransom or release, is critical. The law hinges on whether the bondmaid had been redeemed or not Leviticus 19:20.
- H2668 chuphshâh (freedom): This term for liberty from slavery is used to clarify her status. The punishment is applied because freedom had not been given to her Leviticus 19:20.
- H4191 mûwth (to die): The verse explicitly states that the couple shall not be "put to death," making a clear distinction between this punishment and scourging Leviticus 19:20.
The theological weight of H1244 is found in its legal application, highlighting specific principles within the Mosaic Law.
- Status and Justice: The use of scourging instead of death demonstrates that the law made distinctions based on a person's social and legal status. The bondmaid's lack of freedom was a key factor in the judgment.
- Examination Leading to Punishment: The root definition of "examination" suggests a careful assessment of the situation. The punishment of being scourged is the prescribed outcome following this inquiry into the woman's status.
- The Significance of Redemption: The verse underscores the legal importance of redemption. Being redeemed H6299 or granted freedom H2668 would have changed the legal standing of the individuals involved and, consequently, the punishment.
In summary, H1244 biqqôreth is a rare term whose meaning is precisely defined by its single appearance in scripture. It refers to the punishment of being scourged, applied in a very specific case involving a betrothed bondmaid who had not been redeemed. The word illustrates a principle of legal distinction in the Old Testament, where the consequence of an act was directly tied to the freedom and status of the individuals involved.
TRV