### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **bânâh**, represented by `{{H1129}}`, is a primitive root meaning to **build**. It appears 376 times in 345 verses, indicating its importance in describing both literal construction and figurative development. Its meaning extends beyond simple architecture to include the concepts of making, repairing, setting up, and even obtaining children to build a family line.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{H1129}}` is used in a variety of contexts, both physical and metaphorical. Literally, it describes the construction of structures like the cities of Pithom and Raamses [[Exodus 1:11]], the tower of Babel [[Genesis 11:4]], and altars for worship by figures like Noah [[Genesis 8:20]] and Abram [[Genesis 12:7]]. Figuratively, it refers to the establishment of a family or dynasty, as when the LORD promised to **build** David a house [[1 Chronicles 17:10]] and when Rachel and Leah are described as the two who did **build** the house of Israel [[Ruth 4:11]]. The word is often contrasted with destruction, highlighting God's power to restore, as He promises to **build** and not pull down [[Jeremiah 24:6]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a fuller picture of the concept of building and its opposite:
* `{{H2040}}` **hâraç**: This primitive root means to pull down or destroy. It is frequently used in direct opposition to **bânâh**, such as in the proverb that a wise woman **buildeth** `{{H1129}}` her house, but the foolish **plucketh it down** [[Proverbs 14:1]].
* `{{H3245}}` **yâçad**: Meaning to found or lay a foundation, this word describes the initial and essential step of building. It is used in God's promise concerning Jerusalem, saying it shall be **built** `{{H1129}}` and the temple's **foundation shall be laid** [[Isaiah 44:28]].
* `{{H1004}}` **bayith**: Defined as a house, this word often signifies family or a dynasty. It is the most common object of the verb **bânâh**, seen in the declaration, "Except the LORD **build** the **house**, they labour in vain that **build** it" [[Psalms 127:1]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H1129}}` is significant, illustrating core biblical themes.
* **Divine Sovereignty in Human Endeavor:** Scripture emphasizes that while humans may **build**, ultimate success comes from the LORD. This principle is most clearly stated in [[Psalms 127:1]], where human efforts to **build** a house or city are declared vain without God's involvement.
* **Promise of Restoration:** The act of building is central to God's promises to restore His people. He pledges to **build** up the ruins of David's tabernacle [[Amos 9:11]], **build** the old waste places [[Isaiah 58:12]], and **build** Israel again after its fall [[Jeremiah 31:4]].
* **Establishing Worship and Legacy:** Building is an act of establishing a lasting presence. This applies to establishing a place of worship, such as an altar [[Judges 6:24]] or the Temple [[Zechariah 6:13]], as well as securing a legacy, such as when a man is commanded to **build up** his brother's house [[Deuteronomy 25:9]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H1129}}` conveys a concept far broader than mere construction. It is a foundational word for understanding creation, family, national identity, and divine restoration. From the building of cities and altars to the establishment of a "sure house" for a faithful priest [[1 Samuel 2:35]], **bânâh** demonstrates how God works through both human hands and His sovereign power to create, establish, and restore.
TRV