### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **selēniázomai**, represented by `{{G4583}}`, is defined as being **moon-struck, i.e. crazy**, or to **be a lunatic**. It is derived from a presumed derivative of σελήνη (the moon). This term appears **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible, both in the book of Matthew.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word is used to describe a severe affliction. In a summary of Jesus's ministry, his **fame** `{{G189}}` spread throughout **Syria** `{{G4947}}`, and people **brought** `{{G4374}}` to him all who were sick with **divers** `{{G4164}}` **diseases** `{{G3554}}` and **torments** `{{G931}}`. Among them were those who were **lunatick** `{{G4583}}`, and Jesus **healed** `{{G2323}}` them [[Matthew 4:24]]. The term appears again when a father pleads with the **Lord** `{{G2962}}` to **have mercy** `{{G1653}}` on his **son** `{{G5207}}`, stating, "he **is lunatick** `{{G4583}}`, and **sore** `{{G2560}}` **vexed** `{{G3958}}`." The father explains that the boy often **falleth** `{{G4098}}` **into** `{{G1519}}` the **fire** `{{G4442}}` and **water** `{{G5204}}` [[Matthew 17:15]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the context of this affliction:
* `{{G1139}}` **daimonízomai** (to be exercised by a dæmon): This term for being "possessed with devils" is listed alongside those who are **lunatick** `{{G4583}}` in [[Matthew 4:24]], indicating that the two conditions were considered distinct.
* `{{G2323}}` **therapeúō** (to relieve (of disease)): This word, meaning to heal or cure, describes Christ's action toward those afflicted, including the **lunatick**, demonstrating his power over such conditions [[Matthew 4:24]].
* `{{G3958}}` **páschō** (to experience a sensation or impression (usually painful)): Translated as "vexed," this word describes the intense suffering of the son, highlighting the severe and painful nature of the ailment [[Matthew 17:15]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G4583}}` is seen in its context within Christ's ministry.
* **Christ's Authority Over All Ailments:** The inclusion of those who are **lunatick** `{{G4583}}` in the list of people Jesus healed demonstrates his comprehensive authority over every form of human suffering, including those that manifest as severe mental and physical distress [[Matthew 4:24]].
* **A Depiction of Desperate Need:** The account of the father and son portrays a situation of profound helplessness. The son's condition is dangerous and causes him to **sore** `{{G2560}}` **vexed** `{{G3958}}`, leading the father to cry out for **mercy** `{{G1653}}`, the only available recourse [[Matthew 17:15]].
* **Biblical Categorization of Suffering:** Scripture uses specific terms for different afflictions. By listing being **lunatick** `{{G4583}}` separately from being **possessed with devils** `{{G1139}}` or having the **palsy** `{{G3885}}`, the text distinguishes between various sources and manifestations of human suffering [[Matthew 4:24]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4583}}` **selēniázomai** is a specific term describing a "lunatic" condition characterized by severe, uncontrollable, and self-harming behavior. Its two appearances in Scripture highlight the suffering it causes while simultaneously showcasing the complete power and compassion of Jesus to heal even the most grievous and desperate of human afflictions. The term is presented as a distinct category of illness within the biblical accounts.
TRV