The Greek word selēniázomai, represented by G4583, is defined as being moon-struck, i.e. crazy, or to be a lunatic. It is derived from a presumed derivative of σελήνη (the moon). This term appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible, both in the book of Matthew.
The word is used to describe a severe affliction. In a summary of Jesus's ministry, his fame G189 spread throughout Syria G4947, and people brought G4374 to him all who were sick with divers G4164 diseases G3554 and torments G931. Among them were those who were lunatick G4583, and Jesus healed G2323 them Matthew 4:24. The term appears again when a father pleads with the Lord G2962 to have mercy G1653 on his son G5207, stating, "he is lunatick G4583, and sore G2560 vexed G3958." The father explains that the boy often falleth G4098 into G1519 the fire G4442 and water G5204 Matthew 17:15.
Several related words help clarify the context of this affliction:
- G1139 daimonízomai (to be exercised by a dæmon): This term for being "possessed with devils" is listed alongside those who are lunatick G4583 in Matthew 4:24, indicating that the two conditions were considered distinct.
- G2323 therapeúō (to relieve (of disease)): This word, meaning to heal or cure, describes Christ's action toward those afflicted, including the lunatick, demonstrating his power over such conditions Matthew 4:24.
- G3958 páschō (to experience a sensation or impression (usually painful)): Translated as "vexed," this word describes the intense suffering of the son, highlighting the severe and painful nature of the ailment Matthew 17:15.
The theological significance of G4583 is seen in its context within Christ's ministry.
- Christ's Authority Over All Ailments: The inclusion of those who are lunatick G4583 in the list of people Jesus healed demonstrates his comprehensive authority over every form of human suffering, including those that manifest as severe mental and physical distress Matthew 4:24.
- A Depiction of Desperate Need: The account of the father and son portrays a situation of profound helplessness. The son's condition is dangerous and causes him to sore G2560 vexed G3958, leading the father to cry out for mercy G1653, the only available recourse Matthew 17:15.
- Biblical Categorization of Suffering: Scripture uses specific terms for different afflictions. By listing being lunatick G4583 separately from being possessed with devils G1139 or having the palsy G3885, the text distinguishes between various sources and manifestations of human suffering Matthew 4:24.
In summary, G4583 selēniázomai is a specific term describing a "lunatic" condition characterized by severe, uncontrollable, and self-harming behavior. Its two appearances in Scripture highlight the suffering it causes while simultaneously showcasing the complete power and compassion of Jesus to heal even the most grievous and desperate of human afflictions. The term is presented as a distinct category of illness within the biblical accounts.
TRV