Word Study for G4570 (σβέννυμι)

sbénnymi /sben'-noo-mee/ Ask about this word

Meaninga prolonged form of an apparently primary verb; to extinguish (literally or figuratively)

KJV usagego out, quench.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of sbénnymi — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word sbénnymi, represented by G4570, means to extinguish, either literally or figuratively. Its base definition is to quench or cause something to go out. It appears 12 times across 8 unique verses in the Bible, signifying its use in describing the cessation of fire, life, and spiritual activity.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In scripture, G4570 is applied in both physical and spiritual contexts. It is used literally when the foolish virgins state that their lamps "are gone out" Matthew 25:8. Figuratively, it is a direct command to believers to "Quench not the Spirit" 1 Thessalonians 5:19, and it describes the power of faith to "quench all the fiery darts of the wicked" Ephesians 6:16. The word also carries eschatological weight, as seen in the repeated warning in Mark that hell is a place where "the fire is not quenched" (Mark 9:44, Mark 9:46, Mark 9:48).

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help clarify the meaning of G4570 by providing context:

G2608 katágnymi (to rend in pieces, i.e. crack apart:--break): This term is used in parallel with G4570 in Matthew 12:20, where Christ's gentleness is shown in that He will not break a bruised reed nor quench smoking flax.
G4442 pŷr ("fire" (literally or figuratively, specially, lightning):--fiery, fire): This is the element that G4570 most often acts upon. The Bible speaks of those who through faith "Quenched the violence of fire" Hebrews 11:34 and of a judgment where the fire is not quenched Mark 9:48.
G5188 týphō (to make a smoke, i.e. slowly consume without flame:--smoke): This word describes a faint, smoldering state. In Matthew 12:20, it is the "smoking flax" that Christ will not extinguish, highlighting His refusal to snuff out even the weakest flame.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G4570 is significant, touching on key aspects of Christian life and doctrine.

Christ's Gentle Ministry: The prophecy that Christ will not "quench" smoking flax points to His compassionate nature, showing that He preserves and nurtures weak and faltering faith rather than destroying it Matthew 12:20.
The Believer's Role: The instruction to "Quench not the Spirit" 1 Thessalonians 5:19 is a crucial exhortation for believers to remain open and responsive to the work of the Holy Spirit, rather than suppressing it through sin or indifference.
The Power of Faith: In the context of spiritual warfare, faith is presented as a defensive weapon capable of extinguishing the spiritual attacks of the enemy, described as "fiery darts" Ephesians 6:16.
The Finality of Judgment: The unquenchable fire mentioned in Mark serves as a stark theological symbol of the eternal and unending nature of God's judgment upon sin Mark 9:48.

Summary

In summary, G4570 is a potent word that extends from the literal act of putting out a lamp to the profound spiritual realities of faith, judgment, and communion with God. It serves to illustrate the gentle character of Christ, the active responsibility of the believer, and the solemn finality of eternity. Whether describing a smoldering wick or an unquenchable flame, sbénnymi provides critical insight into the dynamics of the spiritual life.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Greek New Testament, this word appears as a verb across 8 occurrences, inflected in 6 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form.

Present Passive Indicative 3rd Singular 3×
Aorist Active Indicative 3rd Plural 1×
Aorist Active Infinitive 1×
Future Active Indicative 3rd Singular 1×
Present Active Imperative 2nd Plural 1×
Present Passive Indicative 3rd Plural 1×

Singular: One.
Plural: More than one.
2nd: Second person — the one addressed ("you").
3rd: Third person — the one spoken about ("he"/"they").
Present: Action in progress or repeated — happening now or continually.
Future: Action yet to take place.
Aorist: Action viewed as a single whole — usually a simple past event.
Active: The subject performs the action.
Passive: The subject is acted upon.
Indicative: A plain statement of fact.
Imperative: A command or entreaty.
Infinitive: The verb as a noun — "to do".

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 8 verses across 5 of the 27 books. Most frequent in Mark (3 verses); never once in the other 22.

Matthew

Mark

Ephesians

1 Thessalonians

Hebrews

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.