σαρδόνυξ

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word sardónyx, represented by G4557, refers to a specific gem, the sardonyx. It appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible. Its definition indicates a composite stone, derived from the bases for σάρδιος (sardius) and onyx, which itself is named from the word for a fingernail.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The single biblical use of G4557 is found in the description of the foundations of the wall of the New Jerusalem. In this context, sardonyx is explicitly named as the fifth of twelve precious stones that make up these foundations, highlighting its place within a divinely ordered and beautiful structure Revelation 21:20. It is listed among other well-known gems as part of a vision of heavenly perfection.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words appear in the same context, helping to define the setting and order of the foundation stones:

• G3991 pémptos (fifth): This ordinal number is used to specify the exact position of sardonyx in the sequence of foundation stones Revelation 21:20.
• G4556 sárdios (the gem so called): This gem, the sardius, is mentioned as the sixth foundation stone, immediately following sardonyx. The name sardónyx itself is derived in part from this word Revelation 21:20.
• G5555 chrysólithos (gold-stone, i.e. a yellow gem ("chrysolite")): This gem is listed as the seventh foundation, continuing the sequence of precious materials that constitute the base of the holy city Revelation 21:20.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G4557 is derived entirely from its symbolic role in the Book of Revelation.

• A Foundation of Glory: The inclusion of sardonyx as a foundation stone signifies the immense value, beauty, and permanence of the New Jerusalem.
• Divine Order: Its specific placement as the fifth stone illustrates the meticulous detail and intentional design in God's ultimate creation Revelation 21:20.
• Part of a Holy Collection: The sardonyx joins eleven other gems, each contributing to the foundation of the city where God will dwell with humanity, symbolizing the perfection and holiness of this eternal dwelling.

Summary

In summary, G4557 is a highly specific term whose biblical importance is concentrated in a single, powerful image. It is not a common word, but its sole appearance as the fifth foundation stone of the New Jerusalem gives it significant symbolic meaning. It represents the preciousness, stability, and divinely crafted beauty of God's final and perfect kingdom.